论文标题：What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics: A tutorial review (封面报道：我们对微塑料的荧光染色与定量方法了解多少？)

期刊：Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

作者：Shengdong Liu (刘晟东) , Enxiang Shang (商恩香) , Jingnan Liu (刘京楠) , Yining Wang (王一宁) , Nanthi Bolan, M.B.Kirkham, Yang Li (李阳)

发表时间：18 Nov 2021

DOI：10.1007/s11783-021-1442-2

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原文链接：

http://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-021-1442-2

文章出版：Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2022, 16(1): 8

原文信息

题目：

What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics: A tutorial review

作者：

Shengdong Liu (刘晟东) ¹, Enxiang Shang () (商恩香) ², Jingnan Liu (刘京楠) ¹, Yining Wang (王一宁) ¹, Nanthi Bolan3,4,5, M.B.Kirkham6, Yang Li () (李阳) ¹

作者单位：

1 Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

2 College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China

3 School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia

4 The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia

5 Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia

6 Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA

关键词：

Plastic particles (塑料颗粒); Fluorescencedyes (荧光染料); Identification (识别); Concentration quantification (浓度定量分析)

文章亮点

• 荧光染色为微塑料的定量提供了一种快速、简便的方法；

• 总结了影响染色效果的因素，以及如何获得最佳染色效果；

• 荧光染色在实地和实验室研究中均被广泛应用；

• 未来工作方向包括开发新的染料和自动图像分析方法。

文章简介

目前对于微塑料环境行为与毒理的认知受限于定量分析技术。本文总结了正在快速发展的微塑料荧光染色分析方法。首先综述了微塑料的采样与预处理过程，包括样品采集、消化、密度分离和质量控制环节。之后，重点讨论了如何利用荧光染色方法，方便快捷地进行微塑料定量。通过分析影响微塑料荧光染色的主要因素，包括微塑料自身的理化性质等，目的在于提供优化的染色操作条件。

本文得到如下主要结论：消化步骤对于染色非常重要，因为它可以消解天然有机质进而避免其对染色的干扰。据报道，氯仿是最适合的溶剂，10-20 μg/mL是最佳的染料浓度。在染色过程中加入加热与冷却的循环过程可以强化染色效果，使荧光强度保持稳定达2个月以上。染色后，通常使用荧光显微镜表征微塑料的形貌、质量或者数量信息，但无法对微塑料的成分进行鉴定。因此，将荧光染色方法与傅里叶红外光谱和拉曼光谱等其它化学表征方法结合可以得到微塑料的综合信息。

目前，微塑料荧光染色与定量方法已经被广泛应用于实地和实验室模拟中，微塑料的分布、迁移和毒理的研究。未来的研究趋势包括：

（1）开发新型荧光染料以避免天然有机质共染色的问题。

（2）将微塑料的荧光染色定量方法与化学分析方法相结合，以对微塑料进行全面的表征。

（3）开发自动图像分析技术以更好地快速识别、定量微塑料。

（4）探究微塑料荧光染色的稳定性问题。

图1 摘要图

编者点评

开发准确的微塑料定量分析技术是研究微塑料在环境中的赋存、分布和迁移转化的基础。本论文系统综述了通过荧光染色技术，如何实现微塑料的快速、准确定量分析，重点介绍了影响微塑料荧光染色的主要因素与面临的挑战。

本期编辑

刘晟东，男，24岁，北京师范大学环境学院2019级环境科学专业硕士生，导师为李阳教授，研究方向为微塑料的传输与迁移行为。

摘要

Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics (MPs,<5 mm plastic particles) is limited by quantification methods. This paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ones. First, sampling and pretreatment processes of MPs, including sample collection, digestion, density separation, and quality control are reviewed. Then the promising and convenient staining procedures and quantification methods for MPs using fluorescence dyes are reviewed. The factors that influence the staining of MPs, including their physicochemical properties, are summarized to provide an optimal operation procedure. In general, the digestion step is crucial to eliminate natural organic matter (NOM) to avoid interference in quantification. Chloroform was reported to be the most appropriate solvent, and 10–20 μg/mL are recommended as optimal dye concentrations. In addition, a heating and cooling procedure is recommended to maintain the fluorescence intensity of MPs for two months. After staining, a fluorescence microscope is usually used to characterize the morphology, mass, or number of MPs, but compositional analysis cannot be determined with it. These fluorescence staining methods have been implemented to study MP abundance, transport, and toxicity and have been combined with other chemical characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. More studies are needed to focus on the synthesis of novel dyes to avoid NOM’s interference. They need to be combined with other spectroscopic techniques to characterize plastic composition and to develop image-analysis methods. The stability of stained MPs needs to be improved.

投稿与检索

http://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/2095-2201/home.shtml

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