论文标题：The Life Skills of Older Americans: Association with Economic, Psychological, Social, and Health Outcomes

期刊：Scientific Reports

作者：Andrew Steptoe & Sarah E. Jackson

发表时间：2018/07/05

数字识别码：10.1038/s41598-018-27909-w

原文链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27909-w?utm_source=Other_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=RenLi-Nature-Scientific_Reports-Sociology-China&utm_campaign=SCIREP_USG_JRCN_RL_old_sciencenet_article_2nd_July

根据《科学报告》发表的一项研究The Life Skills of Older Americans: Association with Economic, Psychological, Social, and Health Outcomes，相较于生活技能较少的人，生活技能较多的50岁以上美国人可能拥有更好的情绪和健康状态、更牢固的社会关系和更高的收入。

英国伦敦大学学院Andrew Steptoe及同事研究了五项生活技能——尽责、情绪稳定性、毅力、乐观和控制力——与经济、心理、社交和健康状态之间的关系，后者包括建立牢固的社会关系的能力、财务前景、慢性疾病和孤独感。生活技能越多的人，各方面的生活质量也更好，而且生活技能的数量比类型更重要。

Steptoe & Jackson

以上结果突显了在生命晚期掌握多种生活技能的重要性，这样不仅有益于社会，也有益于个人。作者认为在提高老年人生活技能的时候应该注重一种以上的技能。

他们从上述五项生活技能出发，评估了8,843 名年龄在50-102岁之间的美国人。衡量生活质量的指标包括收入、长期压力来源、社交联系数量、自评的健康状态、已被诊断出来的慢性疾病和身高体重指数（BMI）。研究人员还收集了有关年龄、种族、社会经济状况和教育水平的数据。

摘要：Studies of children and adolescents indicate that success in life is determined in part by attributes such as conscientiousness, emotional stability and sense of control, independently of childhood socioeconomic status and cognitive ability. Less is known about the role of these characteristics at older ages. This study investigated the relationship of five life skills – conscientiousness, emotional stability, persistence, optimism and sense of control – with a range of outcomes in 8,843 participants (mean age 72.57 years) in the Health and Retirement Study, a representative study of older Americans. More life skills were associated with greater wealth and income, better emotional wellbeing, stronger social relationships, less loneliness, better health, fewer chronic illnesses and impaired activities of daily living, better mobility and less obesity, after controlling for childhood socioeconomic status and current cognitive ability. Longitudinally, more life skills predicted emotional wellbeing, less loneliness and more prosocial behavior, better health and mobility over a 4 year period. Associations were independent of gender, ethnicity, family background, education and cognitive ability. The number of attributes was important rather than any single life skill. Life skills continue to matter at advanced ages, and fostering these characteristics in older adults may pay dividends in terms of later life health and wellbeing.

阅读论文全文请访问：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27909-w?utm_source=Other_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=RenLi-Nature-Scientific_Reports-Sociology-China&utm_campaign=SCIREP_USG_JRCN_RL_old_sciencenet_article_2nd_July

期刊介绍：Scientific Reports (https://www.nature.com/srep/) is an online, open access journal from the publishers of Nature. We publish scientifically valid primary research from all areas of the natural and clinical sciences.

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来源：（科学网）