匹兹堡大学Greg M. Delgoffe团队取得一项新突破。他们的论文发现了餐后脂质代谢可持久增强T细胞免疫。这一研究成果发表在2026年4月29日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

在这里，小组表明，一个人的短期营养状态对T细胞免疫有显著的影响。人或鼠的T细胞从喂食的宿主比从禁食的宿主有更高的代谢能力，并且这种能力的增加在体外或体内激活和扩增后持续存在。血清中富含甘油三酯的乳糜微粒是餐后免疫代谢重编程的驱动因素，乳糜微粒在体内和激活后启动mTORC1依赖性翻译，显著增强了启动后的效应功能。从同一供体制造的人类餐后CAR-T细胞比在禁食时收集的T细胞具有治疗优势。因此，餐后代谢赋予T细胞持久的代谢和功能优势，强调了在免疫分析、疫苗接种和细胞疗法产生中考虑营养状况的重要性。

据介绍，尽管内在代谢途径在T细胞功能中起着至关重要的作用，但系统的营养可用性是不断变化的。然而，餐后代谢如何影响T细胞命运的研究较少。

附：英文原文

Title: Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity

Author: Kumar, Alok, Rivadeneira, Dayana B., Mehta, Isha, Xie, Bingxian, Cumberland, Rachel, Joshi, Supriya K., Kanshana, Jitendra S., Gunn, William G., Dean, Victoria, Parise, Angelina, Morder, Kristin, Myers, Erica S., Mullett, Steven J., Cattley, Richard T., Gelhaus, Stacy L., Overacre-Delgoffe, Abigail E., Das, Jishnu, Hawse, William F., Kohan, Alison B., Delgoffe, Greg M.

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-29

Abstract: Although intrinsic metabolic pathways have critical roles in T cell function1,2, systemic nutrient availability is in constant flux. Yet, how postprandial metabolism affects T cell fate has been less studied. Here we show that the short-term nutritional state of an individual has marked effects on T cell immunity. Human or murine T cells from fed hosts had higher metabolic capacity than those from fasted hosts, and this increase in capacity persisted after activation and expansion in vitro or in vivo. Triglyceride-rich chylomicrons in serum were drivers of postprandial immunometabolic reprogramming, and chylomicrons primed mTORC1-dependent translation ex vivo and after activation, which markedly enhanced effector function after priming. Human postprandial CAR-T cells manufactured from the same donor showed a therapeutic advantage over T cells collected while individuals were fasted. Thus, postprandial metabolism imparts durable metabolic and functional advantages to T cells, highlighting the importance of considering nutritional status in immunological analysis, vaccination and generation of cellular therapies.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10432-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10432-8