近日，中国科学院大连化物所张涛团队报道了界面控制的体相氧溢出成像。这一研究成果发表在2026年4月15日出版的《自然》杂志上。

作为催化作用中的一个动态行为，溢流是指活性金属与其载体之间的物种扩散过程，在涉及氢气、氧气的反应中尤为典型。限域于催化剂表面的溢流已得到广泛研究；然而，目前尚不清楚体相催化剂是否通过非表面溢流参与反应。

研究组利用原位环境透射电子显微镜，对Ru/TiO₂催化剂中的氧溢流行为进行实时追踪。结果发现，TiO₂载体中的晶格氧并非通过传统认知的表面扩散，而是经由Ru/TiO₂界面直接从TiO₂基底迁移至负载的Ru颗粒。通过皮米级精度原子位移追踪证实，次表面TiO₂晶格发生可逆应变，从而为氧传输提供通道。

金属-载体界面的结构适应性对调控氧溢流至关重要：该过程在Ru/金红石型TiO₂中可被激活，而在Ru/锐钛矿型TiO₂中则被抑制。实时原子级分辨结果表明，此类体相氧溢流通常在具有界面外延特性的负载型金属催化剂中普遍存在；同时也证明，理性设计金属-载体界面对于激活催化剂体相氧并使其参与反应具有重要意义。

附：英文原文

Title: Imaging interface-controlled bulk oxygen spillover

Author: Wang, Weijue, Xu, Hongbin, Liu, Shuhui, Yang, Xiaofeng, Liu, Wei, Wang, Yang-Gang, Huang, Yanqiang, Zhang, Tao

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-15

Abstract: As one dynamic aspect of catalysis, spillover is known as species diffusion between an active metal and its support1,2,3, especially in reactions involving hydrogen and oxygen4,5,6,7,8. Spillover confined on the catalyst surface has been investigated extensively9,10; however, it remains unclear whether the bulk catalyst participates in the reactions through non-surface spillover. Here we track the oxygen spillover in Ru/TiO2 catalysts using in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy. Lattice oxygen was found to transport directly from the TiO2 substrate to the supported Ru particles through the Ru/TiO2 interface instead of the traditionally expected surface diffusion11. As a result, the TiO2 lattice at the subsurface was strained reversibly to provide channels for oxygen transport, as detected by the picometre-precision tracing of atomic displacement. The structural adaptability at the metal–support interface is critical for controlling oxygen spillover, which is switched on in Ru/rutile-TiO2 but switched off in Ru/anatase-TiO2. As shown by the real-time atom-resolved evidence, this bulk oxygen spillover is generally viable in supported metal catalysts of an interfacial epitaxy nature and demonstrates the significance of rationally engineered metal–support interfaces for activating the oxygen in bulk catalyst to contribute to reactions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10324-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10324-x