图卢兹传染病和炎性疾病研究所Nicolas Gaudenzio团队近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们的最新研究揭示了皮肤炎症和瘙痒反应是由不同的伤害感受器亚群独立调节的。2026年4月15日出版的《免疫学》杂志发表了这项成果。

小组发现两个亚群的伤害感受器在过敏性接触性皮炎（ACD）模型中具有不同的和非冗余的生物学功能。对皮肤突出的神经元进行轴突逆行追踪，结合单细胞分析，发现MrgprD⁺非肽能神经元的一个子集，在皮肤炎症反应中采用了短暂的再生程序。在ACD样炎症期间，选择性消融重编程MrgprD⁺非肽能神经元可消除瘙痒诱发行为，但不影响皮肤炎症。相反，Trpv1⁺多肽能神经元的选择性耗竭通过增加中性粒细胞浸润而加剧炎症，但不影响瘙痒引起的行为。这项研究揭示了两种不同的适应性神经元回路的存在，它们独立地调节皮肤中的过敏性炎症和瘙痒。

研究人员表示，常见的皮肤病以炎症和严重瘙痒为特征，这是一个重大的临床挑战。痛觉感觉神经元（痛觉感受器）整合外周信号调节炎症和瘙痒的机制尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Skin inflammation and itch response are independently regulated by distinct nociceptor subsets

Author: Tiphaine Voisin, Nadine Gheziel, Céline El Samrout, Jérémy Martin, Amyaouch Bradaia, Mircea Iftinca, Manon Defaye, Aude Charron, Nasser S. Abdullah, Celia Changenot, Anne-Alicia Gonzalez, Antoine Depluech, Elodie Labit, Nathalie Saint-Laurent, Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari, Ozge Erdogan, Marie Tauber, Alexia Loste, Nadine Serhan, Sara Villa-Hernandez, Isaac M. Chiu, Aziz Moqrich, Christophe Altier, Lilian Basso, Nicolas Gaudenzio

Issue&Volume: 2026-04-15

Abstract: Common dermatological disorders are characterized by inflammation and severe itching, which represent a significant clinical challenge. The mechanisms by which nociceptive sensory neurons (nociceptors) integrate peripheral signals to modulate inflammation and itch remain unclear. Here, we showed that two subsets of nociceptors had distinct and nonredundant biological functions in a model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Retrograde axonal tracing of skin-projecting neurons combined with single-cell profiling identified a subset of MrgprD+ nonpeptidergic neurons that adopted a transitory regenerative program in response to skin inflammation. Selective ablation of reprogrammed MrgprD+ nonpeptidergic neurons during ACD-like inflammation abolished itch-evoked behavior but did not affect skin inflammation. Conversely, selective depletion of Trpv1+ peptidergic neurons exacerbated inflammation through increased neutrophilic infiltration without impacting itch-evoked behavior. This study reveals the presence of two distinct and adaptive neuronal circuits that independently regulate allergic inflammation and itch in the skin.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2026.03.020

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613(26)00131-7