血管内巨噬细胞保护斑马鱼血液和血管的完整性，这一成果由乌得勒支大学Catherine Robin研究组经过不懈努力而取得。2026年3月31日出版的《自然—免疫学》发表了这项成果。

在斑马鱼胚胎的高分辨率时空实时成像中，课题组发现了一种居住在血管中的巨噬细胞，称为血管常驻巨噬细胞（bMΦs），在小鼠中具有保守特征。bMΦs在血液中巡逻，清除外来颗粒和不合适的细胞，并作为内皮损伤的第一反应者。bMΦs通过独立于Runx1和Csf1r的非典型内皮细胞向巨噬细胞的转变直接从轴血管产生。他们的发现揭示了一种以前未被识别的巨噬细胞群体致力于血管免疫监视，揭示了保持血液和血管完整性的机制，并为血源性和血管疾病提供了潜在的治疗途径。

研究人员表示，组织常驻巨噬细胞几乎遍布所有器官，它们在免疫防御、组织发育和体内平衡中发挥组织特异性作用。它们的功能失调会导致炎症、癌症和其他疾病。巨噬细胞是否在广泛的血管网络中起作用，这是人体最大和分布最广泛的组织之一，仍然未知。

附：英文原文

Title: Blood vessel-resident macrophages safeguard blood and vessel integrity in zebrafish

Author: Weijts, Bart, Demmers, Jeroen A. A., Robin, Catherine

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-31

Abstract: Tissue-resident macrophages populate nearly all organs, where they adopt tissue-specific roles essential for immune defense, tissue development and homeostasis. Their dysfunction contributes to inflammation, cancer and other diseases. Whether a dedicated macrophage population operates within the extensive vascular network, one of the body’s largest and most widely distributed tissues, has remained unknown. Here, using high-resolution spatiotemporal live imaging in zebrafish embryos, we identify a distinct population of macrophages residing within blood vessels, termed blood vessel-resident macrophages (bMΦs), with conserved features in mice. bMΦs patrol the bloodstream, clear foreign particles and unfit cells, and act as first responders to endothelial damage. bMΦs emerge directly from axial vessels through an atypical endothelial-to-macrophage transition that is independent of Runx1 and Csf1r. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized macrophage population dedicated to vascular immune surveillance, uncovering mechanisms that preserve blood and vessel integrity and offering potential therapeutic avenues for bloodborne and vascular diseases.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-026-02481-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02481-y