云南省烟草农业科学研究院肖炳光团队发现2032份不同烟草材料的全基因组测序揭示了遗传变异和群体分化。相关论文于2026年3月3日发表于国际顶尖学术期刊《遗传学报》杂志上。

研究小组对2032种不同的烟草材料进行了全基因组重测序，鉴定出5900万个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）和830万个小插入和缺失（InDels）。这些变异有助于群体内部和群体之间的大量遗传多样性。群体遗传结构分析揭示了两个主要的遗传亚群，其分化主要是由育种行为驱动的。值得注意的是，品种之间的遗传分化大于烟草类型之间的遗传分化。六种类型的共有分化区域丰富了防御、表皮发育和脂质代谢途径，反映了逆境适应和植物生长的选择。

该课题组人员进一步鉴定出302份材料在免疫相关基因中表现出强烈的选择特征，突出了它们作为抗性育种计划亲本的潜力。主要品种的选择性扫描与先前鉴定的19个QTLs重叠，主要与叶片形态、抗病性和化学性状等农艺性状相关。本研究为深入烟草基因组学研究提供了高分辨率的基因组抗性，并为精准育种提供了有价值的见解。

据了解，烟草是一种异源四倍体杂交种，是植物遗传学研究中广泛关注的模式生物。尽管具有农业和生物学意义，但烟草种群分化的大规模基因组研究和综合分析仍然有限。

附：英文原文

Title: Whole-genome sequencing of 2032 diverse tobacco accessions reveals genetic variation and population differentiation

Author: Feng Lin a, Xuejun Chen b, Bingguang Xiao b

Issue&Volume: 2026/03/03

Abstract: Nicotiana tabacum is an allotetraploid hybrid and a widely used model organism in plant genetics. Despite its agricultural and biological significance, large-scale genomic studies and comprehensive analysis of population differentiation in tobacco remain limited. Here, we perform whole-genome resequencing of 2032 diverse tobacco accessions, identifying 59 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8.3 million small insertions and deletions (InDels). These variants contribute to substantial genetic diversity both within and between populations. Population genetic structure analysis reveals two major genetic subpopulations, with the differentiation primarily driven by breeding practices. Notably, the genetic differentiation between varieties is greater than that observed between tobacco types. Shared divergent regions across six types are enriched in defense, epidermal development, and lipid metabolism pathways, reflecting selection for stress adaptation and plant growth. We further identify 302 accessions exhibiting strong signatures of selection in immune-related genes, highlighting their potential as parental lines in resistance breeding programs. Selective sweeps in major cultivars overlap with 19 previously identified QTLs, primarily associated with agronomic traits such as leaf morphology, disease resistance, and chemical traits. This study provides a high-resolution genomic resource for in-depth tobacco genomics research and offers valuable insights into precision breeding.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2026.02.025

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S167385272600069X