近日，吉林大学付作岭团队报道了玻尔兹曼发光纳米热测量：热耦合能级的机理标准与预测性设计。相关论文于2026年3月24日发表在《光：科学与应用》杂志上。

基于镧系离子热耦合能级的玻尔兹曼型发光纳米测温技术在纳米科学、生物医学及航空航天等领域具有重要应用前景。然而，制约热耦合能级形成的基本规律以及特定基质中相对灵敏度（Sr）的可靠预测方法仍不明确。

研究组构建了布居动力学框架，通过非辐射弛豫速率与热平衡能隙（ΔE）的定量关系，精确界定了玻尔兹曼行为的起始温度与热耦合窗口。机理分析揭示了邻近能级如何干扰热布居与多声子弛豫间的平衡，并确立了实用稳定性判据：当最近邻低位能级与当前能级间距超过2ΔE时，可实现稳健耦合。

为实现预测性测温设计，研究组引入了将宏观相对灵敏度与微观化学键参数相关联的劈裂因子。基于两组热耦合能级对，研究组进一步制备了兼具高亮度与高达6.17% K^-1相对灵敏度的超薄柔性热传感贴片，实现了反应过程中实时原位温度分布成像。该研究为高精度发光纳米温度计的理性设计提供了物理机制导向的准则。

附：英文原文

Title: Boltzmann luminescent nanothermometry: mechanistic criteria and predictive design of thermally coupled levels

Author: Li, Kejie, Zhao, Jiaqi, Jia, Mochen, Guo, Dongxu, Lu, Ruiying, Wang, Zhiying, Fu, Zuoling

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-24

Abstract: Boltzmann-type luminescent nanothermometry using thermally coupled levels (TCLs) of lanthanide ions is promising for applications in nanotechnology, biomedicine, and aerospace. However, the fundamental rules governing TCLs formation and the reliable prediction of relative sensitivity (Sr) in specific hosts remain unclear. Here, we develop a population-dynamics framework that quantitatively defines the onset temperature and the thermal coupling window for Boltzmann behavior, dictated by nonradiative rates and the thermalization energy gap (ΔE). Mechanistic analysis reveals how adjacent levels disturb the balance between thermal population and multi-phonon relaxation, and establishes a practical stability criterion: robust coupling occurs when the nearest lower level lies beyond 2ΔE. To enable predictive thermometric design, we introduce a splitting factor that correlates macroscopic Sr with microscopic chemical bond parameters. Leveraging two TCLs pairs, we further demonstrate ultrathin, flexible thermosensing patches with high brightness and Sr up to 6.17% K1, enabling real-time in situ temperature mapping during reactions. This work provides physics-based guidelines for the rational design of high-precision luminescent nanothermometers.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02260-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-026-02260-2