为了直接观察拟南芥的快速适应和灭绝，该课题组人员在西欧、地中海、黎凡特和北美的30个地点对拟南芥进行了同步进化实验。对约7万株幸存植物的全基因组测序显示，在相似的气候条件下，等位基因的频率变化是可重复的，但在不同的气候条件下，等位基因的频率变化是不同的，这表明了进化适应。该研究组确定了与气候适应相关的遗传变异，包括涉及从热应激感知到春季开花时间等过程的基因。在不同的环境中，进化趋势通常是可预测的，但却是可变的。在较温暖的气候中，进化的可预测性与5年以上的种群生存相关，而不稳定的变化导致灭绝。这些结果表明，快速的气候适应是可能的，但了解其局限性对生物多样性预测至关重要。
据了解，气候变化迫使物种迅速适应以避免灭绝。
附：英文原文
Title: Rapid adaptation and extinction in synchronized outdoor evolution experiments of Arabidopsis
Author: Xing Wu, Tatiana Bellagio, Yunru Peng, Lucas Czech, Meixi Lin, Patricia Lang, Ruth Epstein, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Jake Alexander, Carlos Alonso-Blanco, Heidi Lie Andersen, Modesto Berbel, Joy Bergelson, Oliver Bossdorf, Liana Burghardt, Mireille Caton-Darby, Robert Colautti, Carolin Delker, Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos, Kathleen Donohue, Walter Durka, Gema Escribano-Avila, Steven J. Franks, Felix B. Fritschi, Alexandros Galanidis, Alfredo Garcia-Fernández, Ana García-Muoz, Elena Hamann, Allison Hutt, José M. Iriondo, Thomas E. Juenger, Stephen R. Keller, Karin Koehl, Arthur Korte, Pamela Korte, Alexander Kutschera, Carlos Lara-Romero, Laura Leventhal, Daniel Maag, Arnald Marcer, Martí March-Salas, Juliette de Meaux, Belén Méndez-Vigo, Javier Morente-López, Timothy C. Morton, Zuzana Münzbergova, Anne Muola, Hanna Akiko Nomoto, Meelis Prtel, F. Xavier Picó, Brandie Quarles-Chidyagwai, Marcel Quint, Niklas Reichelt, Agnieszka Rudak, Johanna Schmitt, Gregor Schmitz, Merav Seifan, Basten L. Snoek, Remco Stam, Marc Stift, John R. Stinchcombe, Mark A. Taylor, Peter Tiffin, Irène Till-Bottraud, Anna Traveset, Jean-Gabriel Valay, Martijn Van Zanten, Vigdis Vandvik, Cyrille Violle, Detlef Weigel, Maciej Wódkiewicz, Franois Vasseur, J. F. Scheepens, Moises Exposito-Alonso
Issue&Volume: 2026-03-26
Abstract: Climate change forces species to adapt rapidly to avoid extinction. To directly observe rapid adaptation and extinction, we conducted synchronized evolution experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana in 30 locations across Western Europe, the Mediterranean, the Levant, and North America. Whole-genome pooled sequencing of ~70,000 surviving plants revealed repeatable allele frequency shifts in similar climates but divergent shifts across contrasting ones, indicating evolutionary adaptation. We identified genetic variants linked to climate adaptation, including genes involved in processes ranging from thermal-stress sensing to spring-flowering timing. Evolutionary trends were often predictable, but variable, across environments. In warmer climates, evolutionary predictability correlated with population survival over 5 years, whereas erratic changes preceded extinction. These results show that rapid climate adaptation is possible, but understanding its limits will be crucial for biodiversity forecasting.
DOI: adz0777
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0777