巴黎文理研究大学Pierre-Yves Plaçais团队近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们开发出厌恶学习劫持了大脑中的糖传感器来巩固记忆。这一研究成果发表在2026年3月25日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

在这里，课题组展示了果蝇大脑中的一个内部糖传感器参与记忆巩固，无论是在禁食的果蝇接受包含糖奖励的食欲学习任务，还是在自由进食的果蝇接受独立于食物线索的厌恶学习任务。在后一种情况下，间隔重复学习是诱发长期记忆的先决条件，它通过一种去抑制机制，引诱大脑中的果糖感知神经元进入禁食状态，在饱足的情况下暂时恢复它们的感知能力。学习后摄入糖会激活去抑制的果糖感知神经元，通过释放糖蛋白激素甲状腺激素来触发记忆巩固，就像在食欲学习中一样。间隔训练对果糖感知神经元的重置也会导致类似禁食状态的进食行为，表现为对蔗糖的偏好和摄入量的强烈增加。通过揭示非稳态饥饿的机制及其与记忆巩固的关键关联，他们的研究结果为类似情绪化进食的行为提供了神经回路基础和认知价值。

据了解，食物相关记忆的形成涉及摄入后的营养感知信号。至于营养传感器是否在喂养相关行为之外发挥作用，人们还不太清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Aversive learning hijacks a brain sugar sensor to consolidate memory

Author: Francs, Raquel, Comyn, Typhaine, Desnous, Coraline, Bettoni, Francesca, Pavlowsky, Alice, Preat, Thomas, Plaais, Pierre-Yves

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-25

Abstract: The formation of food-related memories involves post-ingestion nutrient sensing signals1,2,3,4,5. Whether nutrient sensors act beyond feeding-relevant behaviour is less well understood. Here we show that an internal sugar sensor in the Drosophila brain6 is involved in memory consolidation, both in fasted flies subjected to an appetitive learning task involving a sucrose reward and in flies fed ad libitum subjected to an aversive learning task independent of food cues7,8. In the latter, spaced repetition of learning sessions, a prerequisite to induce long-term memory, lures brain fructose-sensing neurons into a fasted state through a disinhibition mechanism that transiently restores their sensing ability despite satiation9. Post-learning sugar ingestion activates disinhibited fructose-sensing neurons, which triggers memory consolidation through the release of the glycoprotein hormone thyrostimulin10,11, as in appetitive learning. The reset of fructose-sensing neurons by spaced training also results in a fasted state-like feeding behaviour, manifesting in a strong increase in sucrose preference and intake. By revealing a mechanism of non-homeostatic hunger and its critical relevance for memory consolidation, our results provide a neural circuit basis, and a cognitive value, to a behaviour akin to emotional eating.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10306-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10306-z