近日，西湖大学王建辉团队报道了平面锂沉积和溶解助力实用的无阳极袋状电池。2026年3月17日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。

无负极锂金属电池（AFLMB）因无需阳极活性材料制备，在高能量密度、低成本储能领域具有巨大潜力。然而，由于缺乏过量锂源与阳极宿主结构的严苛条件，AFLMB长期面临循环寿命短的挑战。该问题源于固体电解质界面相（SEI）的微观非均匀性与机械脆性所导致的锂不均匀沉积/溶解。

研究组报道了一种通过交叉耦合电解液策略实现寿命提升的实用化500 Wh kg^–1级无负极锂金属电池。该电解液引发交叉耦合界面反应，在阳极生成富含B-F基聚合物的SEI，同时抑制阴极产气行为。所生成的SEI具有亚纳米级均一性、高柔韧性和快速锂离子传输特性，并可自发形成自适应网状薄膜结构，确保均匀离子通量与体积变化适配，最终实现5.6 mAh cm^–2的可逆平面锂沉积/溶解。

基于此，无需任何宿主材料涂层的2.7 Ah级AFLMB（508 Wh kg^–1，1668 Wh L^–1）在100%放电深度（DoD）下实现100次稳定循环，80% DoD下实现250次循环，容量保持率达80%，并在96 Wh kg^–1能量密度下保持2650 W kg^–1的高功率输出。该研究揭示了交叉耦合界面化学机制，解决了无宿主电极的本征结构不稳定性问题，为AFLMB的实际应用提供了新路径。

附：英文原文

Title: Planar Li deposition and dissolution enable practical anode-free pouch cells

Author: Liu, Lei, Xiang, Yuxuan, Lu, Xingyu, Wang, Jianhui

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-17

Abstract: Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), which are manufactured without anode active material, offer great potential for high-energy-density, low-cost energy storage. However, AFLMBs face a long-standing challenge of short lifespan due to the harsh conditions of lacking excess Li-resource and an anode host1-8. This issue is associated with uneven Li deposition/dissolution, rooted in the micro-heterogeneity and mechanical fragility of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)9. Here we report a practical 500 Wh kg–1-level AFLMB with enhanced lifespan, achieved using a crossover-coupled electrolyte. The electrolyte triggers crossover-coupled interfacial reactions that generate a B–F-based polymer-rich SEI at the anode while suppressing gas evolution at the cathode. The resulting SEI exhibits sub-nanometer homogeneity, high flexibility, and rapid Li-ion transport, and it spontaneously develops a self-adaptive mesh-film structure that ensures uniform ion flux and large-volume-change accommodation, thereby realizing reversible planar Li deposition/dissolution of 5.6 mAh cm–2. Consequently, a 2.7 Ah AFLMB (508 Wh kg–1, 1668 Wh L–1) without any host-material coating demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at 100% depth of discharge (DoD) and 250 cycles at 80% DoD, with 80% capacity retention and a high-power output of 2650 W kg–1 at 96 Wh kg–1. These findings establish crossover-coupled interphase chemistry and address the inherent structural instability of host-free electrodes, advancing the practical implementation of AFLMBs.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10402-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10402-0