河南农业大学陈彦惠课题组取得一项新突破。他们发现了利用基因组学引导的有利等位基因金字塔培育高产理想型玉米。该研究于2026年3月17日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

本研究揭示了纯合子有利等位基因的积累在玉米主要茎部性状调控基因中的重要作用，并鉴定了8个结构调控基因并对其进行了功能验证。在基因组学的指导下，该团队选择优质杂交种育丰303作为基础，将这8个基因的有利等位基因与这些性状相关的全基因组位点进行金字塔化，培育出5个改良亲本系。这些改良的亲本系创造了更适合高密度种植的新杂交种，在8种环境下的亩产比“玉丰303”高出4.1-9.2%。这项研究举例说明了基因组学指导的高密度理想型玉米育种的力量，并为其他适当作物的知情杂交改良提供了模板。

研究人员表示，培育适合高密度种植的理想型玉米对提高产量至关重要，但由于对植株结构调控的认识有限而受到阻碍。

附：英文原文

Title: Breeding ideotype maize with enhanced yield through genomics-guided pyramiding of favorable alleles

Author: Yao, Wen, Ku, Lixia, Wang, Baobao, Ren, Zhenzhen, Su, Huihui, Li, Chengwei, Liu, Huafeng, Zeng, Haixia, Liu, Zhixue, Zhang, Dongling, Wang, Yazhou, Zhu, Xinle, Zhao, Qiannan, Hu, Xiaomeng, Sun, Chongyu, Han, Shengbo, Chen, Jiafa, Bao, Miaomiao, Li, Tianyi, Wang, Haiyang, Chen, Yanhui

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-17

Abstract: Breeding ideotype maize for high-density planting is crucial for increasing yield but is hindered by a limited understanding of plant architecture regulation. Here we uncover a prominent role for the accumulation of homozygous favorable alleles in genes regulating four principal shoot traits constituting a maize ideotype, and we identify and functionally validate eight architecture-regulating genes. Guided by genomics, we selected the elite hybrid Yufeng303 as a chassis to develop five improved parental lines by pyramiding favorable alleles of these eight genes together with genome-wide loci associated with these traits. These improved parental lines led to the creation of four new hybrids better suited for high-density planting, achieving 4.1–9.2% higher plot yields than Yufeng303 across eight environments. This study exemplifies the power of genomics-guided breeding of ideotype maize for high densities and serves as a template for informed hybrid improvement of other appropriate crops.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-026-02522-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-026-02522-0