近日，美国华盛顿大学医学院教授Clair Crewe及其团队的最新研究揭示了免疫细胞根据代谢变化调节循环脂肪细胞胞外囊泡水平。2026年3月10日出版的《细胞—代谢》发表了这项成果。

尽管最近关于EV的功能信息激增，但该课题组人员仍然缺乏对内源性EV水平如何被控制以调节器官间信号传导的基本了解。新的流式细胞术技术使他们能够研究来自代谢相关细胞类型（如脂肪细胞）的循环内源性EVs的调节（脂肪细胞衍生的EVs [adipoEVs]）。该课题组人员为EV调节的范例提供了证据，其中组织驻留的免疫细胞，主要是巨噬细胞，清除由局部组织细胞或从循环进入组织的细胞释放的EV，这一活动决定了循环EV水平。在肥胖中，脂肪组织免疫细胞对EV的摄取减少，导致循环脂肪EV增加和脂肪EV清除率降低。这项工作表明，组织免疫细胞阻止组织EV进入循环，使其成为器官间EV信号传导的关键调节因子。

据介绍，细胞外囊泡（EVs）现在被认为是器官间信号传导的有效介质，并与肥胖和相关合并症的发病机制有关。

附：英文原文

Title: Immune cells regulate circulating adipocyte extracellular vesicle levels in response to metabolic shifts

Author: Snigdha Tiash, Saket Awadhesbhai Patel, Marjori Russo, Anusha Suresh, Bo Pang, Yun-Ling Pai, Wentong Jia, Rachael L. Field, Terri Pietka, Nada A. Abumrad, Gordon I. Smith, Dmitri Samovski, Samuel Klein, Jonathan R. Brestoff, Clair Crewe

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-10

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now recognized as potent mediators of inter-organ signaling and are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated comorbidities. Despite a recent surge in functional information about EVs, we still lack a basic understanding of how endogenous EV levels are controlled to regulate inter-organ signaling. New flow cytometry technologies have allowed us to study the regulation of circulating endogenous EVs from metabolically relevant cell types such as adipocytes (adipocyte-derived EVs [adipoEVs]). We provide evidence for a paradigm of EV regulation in which tissue-resident immune cells, predominantly macrophages, clear EVs released by local tissue cells or those entering the tissue from circulation, an activity that determines circulating EV levels. In obesity, EV uptake by adipose tissue immune cells is reduced, leading to increased circulating adipoEVs and reduced adipoEV clearance rates. This work shows that tissue immune cells gate tissue EV entry into the circulation, making them key regulators of inter-organ EV signaling.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2026.02.008

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/abstract/S1550-4131(26)00051-3