莱布尼茨植物遗传与作物研究所Murukarthick Jayakodi小组宣布他们开发出单基因座等位基因变异区分春蚕豆和冬蚕豆。相关论文于2026年3月10日发表在《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

在此，研究小组开发了一个改良的蚕豆参考基因组，并将其与冬春材料的重测序和表型分析相结合，以确定耐寒性的遗传决定因素。对耐霜性状的全基因组关联分析确定了一个主要的耐寒性位点，该位点最强烈的相关变异解释了绝大多数表型变异，并准确区分了冬季和春季类型。

此外，课题组人员在冬季蚕豆基因库中发现了可能导致进一步提高冬季抗寒性的额外信号。他们的工作提供了改进的基因组资源，并解决了全球蛋白质作物的一个关键农艺性状的遗传问题，以促进未来的育种工作。

研究人员表示，冬蚕豆比春蚕豆具有显著的产量优势，有望提高当地的蛋白质产量和农业可持续性。然而，冬杀的威胁限制了更广泛的种植，蚕豆抗寒性的遗传仍未解决。

附：英文原文

Title: Allelic variation at a single locus distinguishes spring and winter faba beans

Author: Zhang, Hailin, Windhorst, Alex, Bornhofen, Elesandro, Tulpova, Zuzana, Novak, Petr, Macas, Jiri, Simkova, Hana, Nadzieja, Marcin, Kim, Jung Min, Cram, Dustin, Cao, Yongguo, Konkin, David J. F., Sass, Olaf, Welna, Gregor, Himmelbach, Axel, Mascher, Martin, Link, Wolfgang, Kwon, Soon-Jae, Yang, Tae-Jin, Andersen, Stig Uggerhj, Jayakodi, Murukarthick

Issue&Volume: 2026-03-10

Abstract: Winter faba beans exhibit significant yield advantages over spring cultivars and hold promise for enhancing local protein production and agricultural sustainability. However, the threat of winter kill limits wider cultivation, and the genetics of faba bean winter hardiness remain unresolved. Here we develop a greatly improved faba bean reference genome and combine this with resequencing and phenotyping of winter and spring accessions to identify genetic determinants of winter hardiness. Genome-wide association analysis of frost tolerance traits identifies a major winter hardiness locus, the most strongly associated variant of which explains the vast majority of phenotypic variation and accurately differentiates between winter and spring types. Furthermore, we identify additional signals within the winter faba bean gene pool that could lead to further improvement of winter hardiness. Our work provides improved genomic resources and resolves the genetics of a key agronomic trait in a global protein crop to facilitate future breeding efforts.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-026-02524-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-026-02524-y