课题组研究人员对1720个Br材料的基因组进行了重测序，并重新组装了7个精英亚种的11个具有代表性的端粒到端粒无间隙基因组，这些亚种经历了密集的形态型化，并发展出了独特的农业农艺性状。共鉴定出6992个未知基因、110个完整的着丝粒和5个与Br形态型、亚种和芸薹属物种进化相关的新卫星序列。基于11个无间隙基因组和20个已发表的基因组构建的泛基因组揭示了Br亚种之间的结构变异和基因多样性。泛基因组关联研究发现BrLH1基因控制叶头的形成。研究表明，在白菜栽培的短暂历史中，卫星体、着丝粒和基因发生了结构变化，促进了快速的亚种和形态定型，为芸薹属作物育种提供了宝贵的资源。
据了解，白菜（Brassica rapa, Br）包含许多形态型和亚种，因此是研究植物多样化和亚种形成的良好模型。
附：英文原文
Title: Gapless pangenome analyses reveal fast Brassica rapa subspeciation
Author: Wei Ma, Yuanming Liu, Xiaochun Wei, Xiaomeng Zhang, Xiaonan Li, Zhaokun Liu, Lingyun Yuan, Guangguang Li, Shu Zhang, Qihang Yang, Xiaocong Chang, Zizhuo Han, Hao Liang, Zhaoshui Luan, Qianyun Wang, Yujie Gu, Xinlong Wang, Xianlei Zhao, Qing Liu, Xiaoxue Sun, Mengyang Liu, Daling Feng, Yin Lu, Shuangxia Luo, Lei Yang, Mengyuan Li, Robin Allaby, Kai Wang, Tianzhen Zhang, Shuxing Shen, Yves Van de Peer, Yiguo Hong, Yuxiang Yuan, Jianjun Zhao
Issue&Volume: 2026-02-05
Abstract: Brassica rapa (Br) encompasses many morphotypes and subspecies, so it is a good model with which to investigate plant diversification and subspeciation. Here, we resequenced the genomes of 1720 Br accessions and de novo assembled 11 representative telomere-to-telomere gapless genomes for seven elite subspecies that underwent intensive morphotypification and developed distinct agronomic traits valued to agriculture. We identified 6992 unknown genes, 110 complete (peri)centromeres, and five new satellites associated with Br morphotypes and subspecies and Brassica species evolution. The pangenome, built on 11 gapless and 20 published genomes, reveals structural variations and gene diversities among Br subspecies. Pangenome-wide association studies uncovered that the gene BrLH1 controls leaf-head formation. We show that structural changes have occurred in satellites, (peri)centromeres, and genes, contributing to fast subspeciation and morphotypification during the short history of Br cultivation, providing invaluable resources for Brassica breeding.
DOI: ady7590
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady7590