近日，英国桑德兰大学Colin Rennie团队揭示了气泡岩浆的极端拉伸形成了佩莱之发。相关论文于2026年2月26日发表在《地质学》杂志上。

佩莱之发是玄武质火山作用的常见产物，在夏威夷式熔岩喷泉、火山气体喷射以及流动熔岩表面形成。其形态特征为细长的玻璃丝，表明这些丝状物是通过熔体细丝的拉伸形成的。传统模型认为，它们是由火山气体射流"纺出"熔体细丝后淬火而成。然而，该机制无法解释熔岩流和熔岩湖表面佩莱之发的形成，也无法解释成束佩莱之发——由数百至数千根近乎平行且长度相近的丝状物构成的集合体——的出现。

研究组提出并验证了另一种形成机制：佩莱之发可通过泡沫化岩浆团块的极端拉伸作用形成。研究组借鉴热玻璃艺术加工技术制备了合成泡沫化岩浆圆盘，并对其进行机械拉伸。该过程中，三个气泡交汇处的平板边界被拉伸，产生丝状物束，与天然佩莱之发极为相似；丝状物的数量取决于熔融玻璃中的气泡丰度。实验表明，佩莱之发在高孔隙率条件下形成，这与夏威夷式高熔岩喷泉内部、熔岩湖表面以及近源区与管状熔岩流的实际情况相符。

附：英文原文

Title: Formation of lauoho o Pele (Pele’s hair) by extreme stretching of bubbly magma

Author: Janina K. Gillies, Edward W. Llewellin, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Colin Rennie

Issue&Volume: 2026-02-26

Abstract: Lauoho o Pele (often called Pele’s hair) is a common product of basaltic volcanism, produced during Hawaiian lava fountaining, gas jetting, and on the surface of flowing lava. The morphology—long thin strands of glass—indicates that these strands are formed through stretching of filaments of melt. The prevailing model is that they are formed by the action of jets of volcanic gas that “spin out” threads of melt, which quench as hairs. However, this mechanism does not explain the formation of lauoho o Pele on lava flows and lava lakes, or the occurrence of “hanks” of lauoho o Pele—bundles of hundreds to thousands of near-identical aligned strands. We propose and test an alternative mechanism: that lauoho o Pele can be formed by the extreme stretching of parcels of bubbly magma. We created pucks of synthetic bubbly magma using techniques derived from artistic hot-glass working, which we then stretched mechanically. This process produces bundles of filaments, similar to lauoho o Pele, via the stretching of the plateau borders where three bubbles meet; the number of filaments is determined by the abundance of bubbles in the molten glass. We find that lauoho o Pele forms at high vesicularity in our experiments, which is consistent with the interiors of high Hawaiian lava fountains, and the surfaces of lava lakes, and proximal and intubated lava flows.

DOI: 10.1130/G53972.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/doi/10.1130/G53972.1/726889/Formation-of-lauoho-o-Pele-Pele-s-hair-by-extremeredirectedFrom=fulltext