近日，中国科学院理化技术研究所张铁锐团队报道了致密铂基金属间纳米颗粒被限制在中空介孔碳中用于耐用的大功率重型燃料电池。2026年2月26日出版的《美国化学会志》发表了这项成果。

重型车辆（HDV）燃料电池需要氧还原反应（ORR）催化剂在严苛的操作条件下具备卓越的活性和耐久性。然而，传统的固溶体型铂基ORR催化剂由于其固有的活性-稳定性权衡以及燃料电池工作条件下的传质限制，往往无法同时满足高功率密度和长期稳定性的要求。

研究组报道了一种普适的配体调控共还原策略，通过缩小铂与其他过渡金属前驱体之间的还原电位差，将高密度（金属含量>50 wt%，粒径~3 nm）且高度有序的铂基金属间化合物（IMC）纳米颗粒高效负载到中空介孔碳（HMC）中，以实现稳定的高功率HDV燃料电池。致密有序的IMC确保了高效稳定的ORR，而有利于传质的HMC则促进了氧气向活性位点的传输。

这种设计极大地提升了HDV燃料电池的ORR活性、稳定性和传质效率。在与HDV相关的条件下（250 kPa_abs，阴极载量0.15 mg_Pt cm^-2），优化后的H-L1₀-PtCo/HMC催化剂在0.7 V电压下实现了1.73 A cm^-2的卓越电流密度，并在90,000次加速耐久性循环后仍保持85%的初始性能，显著超过了美国能源部的目标。这些发现确立了H-L1₀-PtCo/HMC作为下一代HDV应用阴极电催化剂的地位。

附：英文原文

Title: Dense Platinum-Based Intermetallic Nanoparticles Confined into Hollow Mesoporous Carbon for Durable High-Power Heavy-Duty Fuel Cells

Author: Peng Qin, Dandan Liu, Chengyu Li, Gongao Peng, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, Ying Han, Jianglan Shui, Mingchuan Luo, Lu Shang, Shaojun Guo, Tierui Zhang

Issue&Volume: February 26, 2026

Abstract: Heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) fuel cells require oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with exceptional activity and durability under stringent operating conditions. However, conventional solid-solution Pt-based ORR catalysts often fail to simultaneously meet the requirements of high-power density and long-term stability, due to their inherent activity-stability trade-offs and mass-transport limitations at working conditions of fuel cells. Herein, we report a universal ligand-tuned co-reduction strategy to efficiently load Pt-based intermetallic compound (IMC) nanoparticles with high density (>50 wt% metal content and ～3 nm particle size) and a high degree of ordering into hollow mesoporous carbon (HMC) by narrowing the reduction-potential gap between Pt and other transition metal precursors to achieve stable high-power HDV fuel cells. The dense and ordered IMCs ensure the efficient and stable ORR, while the mass-transport-favorable HMC promotes oxygen transport to the active sites. This design greatly enhances HDV fuel cell ORR activity, stability, and mass-transport efficiency. Under the HDV-relevant conditions (250 kPaabs and cathode loading of 0.15 mgPt cm–2), the optimized H-L10-PtCo/HMC catalyst achieves an exceptional current density of 1.73 A cm–2 at 0.7 V and retains 85% after 90,000 accelerated durability cycles, significantly exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy targets. The findings establish H-L10-PtCo/HMC as a next-generation cathode electrocatalyst for HDV applications.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c19791

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.5c19791