近日，上海交通大学李俊团队报道了增强的锂离子扩散提高了100 mA cm^-2下N₂到NH₃的电流效率。这一研究成果发表在2026年2月12日出版的《科学》杂志上。

电化学锂介导的氮气还原反应能够在常温常压下合成氨，为化工行业碳减排提供了可行路径。然而，氨产率往往受限于固态电解质界面层中锂离子缓慢的去溶剂化过程与扩散动力学。

研究组提出一种协同去溶剂化-扩散层状SEI结构，该设计可提供充足的锂离子通量，从而在高电流密度下实现高效氮气转化制氨。该SEI层由无机物堆叠构成，具备低离子结合亲和力与高离子电导特性，使锂离子通量提升两个数量级。采用这一设计策略，在2 M二氟草酸硼酸锂电解液中，于100 mA cm^-2电流密度下实现了氮气电还原反应，氨合成的法拉第效率达98%，能量效率达21%。该系统在40小时内维持80%的法拉第效率，此后性能出现衰减。

附：英文原文

Title: Enhanced Li-ion diffusion improves N2-to-NH3 current efficiency at 100 mA cm2

Author: Qiang Zhang, Huamin Li, Peiping Yu, Pengyu Liu, Ning Sun, Yiyan Wang, Chunlai Tu, Yiping Liu, Yan Wang, Xinyang Yue, Linlin Ma, Wen Wen, Jinyang Xu, Zhaofeng Liang, Jingyuan Ma, Fei Song, Zheng Liang, Hao Sun, Daishun Ling, Hongyan Liang, Feng Liu, Yongfeng Hu, Tao Cheng, Jun Li

Issue&Volume: 2026-02-12

Abstract: Electrochemical lithium (Li)–mediated nitrogen (N2) reduction could enable production of ammonia (NH3) at ambient temperatures and pressures, offering a route to reduce carbon emissions in the chemical sector. However, NH3 productivity is often limited by sluggish Li-ion desolvation and diffusion at the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we present a concerted desolvation:diffusion layered SEI architecture that provides abundant Li-ion flux for efficient N2 conversion toward NH3 production at high current densities. The SEI comprises stacked inorganic layers with low ion-binding affinity and high ion-conductivity functionalities that increase Li-ion flux by two orders of magnitude. This design strategy achieved N2 electroreduction in a 2 M lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate electrolyte with a Faradaic efficiency of 98% and an energy efficiency of 21% for NH3 production at 100 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA cm2). The system sustained an 80% Faradaic efficiency over 40 hours, after which performance declined.

DOI: adw5462

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw5462