康奈尔大学Nicholas Collins课题组取得一项新突破。他们揭示了在饮食限制期间，免疫系统的激素重组确保了宿主的防御和全身葡萄糖的保存。2026年2月10日，国际知名学术期刊《免疫学》发表了这一成果。

在饮食限制（DR）的背景下，研究人员发现糖皮质激素（GCs）使初始、效应和记忆T细胞群与宿主的营养状况相一致。DR诱导的GCs促进幼稚T细胞归巢至骨髓，支持其稳态稳态。在原发性感染后，耐药诱导的GCs重新连接免疫，同时维持病原体控制和全身葡萄糖稳态。GCs通过抑制效应T细胞和增强中性粒细胞的反应来降低葡萄糖依赖性。虽然在DR过程中总效应T细胞池减少，但GCs富集了记忆前体效应细胞以保持记忆的形成。因此，GCs协调免疫和代谢生理，以确保在食物供应减少时宿主的健康。

据悉，在哺乳动物的进化过程中，食物短缺和传染病是持续不断的威胁，而且经常同时发生。当食物供应减少时，尚不清楚宿主如何适应支持葡萄糖需求的免疫过程，同时防止低血糖。

附：英文原文

Title: Hormonal rewiring of immunity during dietary restriction ensures host defense and systemic glucose conservation

Author: Luisa Menezes-Silva, Mingeum Jeong, Charles Carr, Riley M. Schneider, Silvia Pires, Ana C. Codo, Jazib Uddin, Alexander Grier, Randy S. Longman, Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara, David Artis, Seong-Ji Han, Nicholas Collins

Issue&Volume: 2026-02-10

Abstract: Food shortages and infectious diseases were constant threats throughout mammalian evolution and often occurred simultaneously. When food availability is reduced, it is unclear how the host adapts to support glucose-demanding immune processes while preventing hypoglycemia. In the context of dietary restriction (DR), we found that glucocorticoids (GCs) aligned naive, effector, and memory T cell populations with the nutritional status of the host. DR-induced GCs promoted naive T cell homing to the bone marrow, which supported their homeostasis at steady state. Following a primary infection, DR-induced GCs rewired immunity to simultaneously uphold pathogen control and systemic glucose homeostasis. GCs achieved this by dampening effector T cells and enhancing the response of neutrophils with reduced glucose dependence. Although the total effector T cell pool was decreased during DR, GCs enriched memory-precursor effector cells to preserve memory formation. Thus, GCs align immunity and metabolic physiology to ensure host fitness when food availability is reduced.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2026.01.003

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613(26)00002-6