近日，中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所沈炎宾团队解开了电池电极材料中的气体演化机制。相关论文发表在2026年1月5日出版的《自然-化学》杂志上。

LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄正极材料在提升电池安全性、功率密度和成本效益方面具有显著潜力。然而，气体的产生会缩短电池的循环寿命，并引发额外的安全问题，成为一大挑战。目前，学界对LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄电池中的气体产生机制了解甚少，这阻碍了材料的改进工作。

研究组探讨了LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄-石墨全电池，同时对正极和负极的气体产生进行了定量和探测。结果发现，超过90%的气体由二氧化碳（CO₂）和氢气（H₂）组成。CO2来源于LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄的副反应，电化学途径和化学途径的贡献几乎相当。H₂则产生于石墨固体-电解质界面的化学副反应，并与LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄中锰/铁离子的溶解密切相关。研究组开发了一种表面覆盖有致密碳层的LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄，该材料将金属离子溶解抑制了一个数量级，并最大限度地减少了两个电极上的副反应。一个4.1安时的软包电池在540次循环后性能稳定，容量保持率超过90%。

附：英文原文

Title: Unravelling gas evolution mechanisms in battery electrode materials

Author: Wang, Wentao, Li, Weihong, Yu, Fengjiao, Pu, Qihao, Miao, Jinguo, Han, Shaojie, Wu, Yuping, Chen, Liwei, Shen, Yanbin, Chen, Yuhui

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-05

Abstract: LiFexMn1xPO4 positive electrode materials show significant potential for enhancing battery safety, power density and cost-effectiveness. However, gas evolution shortens the cyclability and raises additional safety concerns, presenting a major challenge. The gas evolution mechanisms in LiFexMn1xPO4 batteries are poorly understood, impeding the material improvement efforts. Here we examine a LiFexMn1xPO4-graphite full cell, simultaneously quantifying and probing gas evolution from positive and negative electrodes. We found over 90% of the evolved gas was composed of CO2 and H2. CO2 originated from side reactions at LiFexMn1xPO4, with almost equal contributions from electrochemical and chemical pathways. H2 resulted from chemical side reactions at the graphite’s solid–electrolyte interface and was closely associated with the dissolution of Mn/Fe ions from the LiFexMn1xPO4. We developed a LiFexMn1xPO4 with a dense carbon layer coating, which inhibited metal ion dissolution by an order of magnitude and minimized side reactions at both electrodes. A 4.1-Ah pouch cell exhibited stable performance over 540 cycles with over 90% capacity retention.

DOI: 10.1038/s41557-025-02016-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-025-02016-2