近日，美国康奈尔大学Shan, Jie团队研究了WSe₂中带宽调谐Mott跃迁和超导性。相关论文于2026年1月28日发表在《自然》杂志上。

强关联材料中高温超导（T_c）现象的出现，依然是物理学中悬而未决的核心难题。铜氧化物等高温超导材料通常结构复杂且难以调控，这给理论建模带来巨大挑战。尽管哈伯德模型（一种描述晶格中相互作用电子的简化理论模型）被认为能够捕捉高温超导材料的本质物理特性，但获得该模型的精确解——尤其是在中等关联强度的关键参数区间——仍然十分困难。近期在魔角WSe₂中观测到的稳健超导现象为此提供了全新研究平台：其低能电子能带既可用哈伯德模型描述，又具备高度可调控性。

研究组通过调控魔角WSe₂双层的扭转角度，使其进入中等关联区间，并借助静电门压、电输运及磁光测量手段，绘制出每个莫尔晶胞空穴数为1（ν=1）附近的相图。他们观测到一系列典型的高温超导现象：包括ν=1处的反铁磁绝缘体态、电子与空穴掺杂区域的超导穹顶、以及奇异金属等非常规金属态。扭转角度依赖性研究进一步表明，最高超导转变温度始终出现在莫特转变临界点附近。这些结果揭示强关联效应是魔角WSe₂中超导现象的关键成因，并确立了一种可在可控条件下研究高温超导的新材料体系。

附：英文原文

Title: Bandwidth-tuned Mott transition and superconductivity in moiré WSe2

Author: Xia, Yiyu, Han, Zhongdong, Zhu, Jiacheng, Zhang, Yichi, Knppel, Patrick, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Mak, Kin Fai, Shan, Jie

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-28

Abstract: The emergence of high-transition-temperature (Tc) superconductivity in strongly correlated materials remains the main unsolved problem in physics. High-Tc materials, such as cuprates, are generally complex and not easily tunable, making theoretical modelling difficult. Although the Hubbard model—a simple theoretical model of interacting electrons on a lattice—is believed to capture the essential physics of high-Tc materials1,2,3,4,5, obtaining accurate solutions of the model, especially in the relevant regime of moderate correlation, is challenging6. The recent demonstration of robust superconductivity in moiré WSe2 (refs.7,8), in which low-energy electronic bands can be described by the Hubbard model and are highly tunable9,10,11, presents a new platform for studying the high-Tc problem. Here we tune moiré WSe2 bilayers to the moderate correlation regime through the twist angle and map the phase diagram around one hole per moiré unit cell (ν=1) by electrostatic gating and electrical transport and magneto-optical measurements. We observe a range of high-Tc phenomenology, including an antiferromagnetic insulator at ν=1, superconducting domes on electron and hole doping, and unusual metallic states such as strange metals12,13,14. Twist-angle dependence studies further show that the highest Tc always occurs adjacent to the Mott transition3,15. Our results indicate strong correlation as the key to superconductivity in moiré WSe2 and establish a new material system for studying high-Tc superconductivity in a controllable manner.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-10049-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10049-3