近日，西班牙巴塞罗那科学技术学院L. Tarruell团队实现了通过自旋-轨道-耦合的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的激发来探测超固体。2026年1月29日，《科学》杂志发表了这一成果。

自旋-轨道耦合的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态是一种灵活的实验平台，可用于设计合成量子多体系统。特别是，其存在所谓的“条纹相”，这是一种物质超固态实例。条纹相特有的激发光谱是其超固态特性的一个明确标志，但一直很难通过实验测量。

研究组对这些条纹进行了原位成像，并直接观察到了超流体和晶体的激发现象。他们研究了超流体动力学，并揭示了条纹压缩模式，从而证明该系统具有可压缩的晶体结构。通过这种模式的频率软化处理，研究组找到了超固态转变点。该研究结果表明，具有自旋-轨道-耦合效应的超固体是研究超固体现象及其丰富动力学的理想系统。

附：英文原文

Title: Probing supersolidity through excitations in a spin-orbit–coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

Author: C. S. Chisholm, S. Hirthe, V. B. Makhalov, R. Ramos, R. Vatré, J. Cabedo, A. Celi, L. Tarruell

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-29

Abstract: Spin-orbit–coupled Bose-Einstein condensates are a flexible experimental platform to engineer synthetic quantum many-body systems. In particular, they host the so-called stripe phase, an instance of a supersolid state of matter. The peculiar excitation spectrum of the stripe phase, a definite footprint of its supersolidity, has been difficult to measure experimentally. In this work, we performed in situ imaging of the stripes and directly observed both superfluid and crystal excitations. We investigated superfluid hydrodynamics and revealed a stripe compression mode, thus demonstrating that the system possesses a compressible crystalline structure. Through the frequency softening of this mode, we located the supersolid transition point. Our results establish spin-orbit–coupled supersolids as ideal systems to investigate supersolidity and its rich dynamics.

DOI: adv1209

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv1209