意大利特伦托大学Nicola Segata小组揭示了婴儿间菌株传播塑造发育中的肠道微生物组。该研究于2026年1月21日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

在这里，小组报告了一项宏基因组调查，以模拟幼儿环境中第一年的婴儿，他们的教育者和他们的家庭中的微生物组传播（n=134人)。小组进行了密集的纵向微生物组采样(n=1013个粪便样本)，并在3个不同设施的托儿所组内部和之间追踪微生物菌株传播。研究发现婴儿在入托仅一个月后，班级内部就已出现广泛的婴儿间微生物组传播；至第一学期末，从托育环境获得的菌株在婴儿肠道微生物组中的占比已与来自家庭的菌株比例相当。婴儿间的传播在育婴年期间继续增长，传播网络日益复杂，在某些班级中存在单一菌株传播，并且存在多种婴儿获得和物种传播模式。有兄弟姐妹与更高的微生物组多样性和从托儿所同伴那里获得的菌株减少有关，而抗生素治疗是导致菌株流入增加的主要原因。这项研究表明，婴儿之间的微生物群传播在托儿所的第一年是广泛的，并指出婴儿时期的社会互动是婴儿微生物群发育的关键驱动因素。

据悉，婴儿早期的微生物群在很大程度上是由母亲在出生和生命最初几周之间的微生物传播引起的，但人际传播如何进一步影响婴儿第一年的微生物群发育仍未研究。

附：英文原文

Title: Baby-to-baby strain transmission shapes the developing gut microbiome

Author: Ricci, Liviana, Heidrich, Vitor, Punoch, Michal, Armanini, Federica, Ciciani, Matteo, Nabinejad, Amir, Fazaeli, Farnaz, Piperni, Elisa, Servais, Charlotte, Pinto, Federica, Valles-Colomer, Mireia, Asnicar, Francesco, Segata, Nicola

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-21

Abstract: The early infant microbiome is largely primed by microbial transmission from the mother between birth and the first few weeks of life1,2,3, but how interpersonal transmission further shapes the developing microbiome in the first year remains unexplored. Here we report a metagenomic survey to model microbiome transmission in the nursery setting among babies attending the first year, their educators and their families (n=134 individuals). We performed dense longitudinal microbiome sampling (n=1,013 faecal samples) during the first year of nursery and tracked microbial strain transmission within and between nursery groups across 3 different facilities. We detected extensive baby-to-baby microbiome transmission within nursery groups even after only 1month of nursery attendance, with nursery-acquired strains accounting for a proportion of the infant gut microbiome comparable to that from family by the end of the first term. Baby-to-baby transmission continued to grow over the nursery year, in an increasingly intricate transmission network with single strains spreading in some classes, and with multiple baby-acquisition and species-transmissibility patterns. Having siblings was associated with higher microbiome diversity and reduced strain acquisition from nursery peers, while antibiotic treatment was the condition that most accounted for the increased influx of strains. This study shows that microbiome transmission between babies is extensive during the first year of nursery, and points to social interactions in infancy as crucial drivers of infant microbiome development.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09983-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09983-z