近日，比利时安特卫普大学Adrià Descals团队报道了亚马逊森林的营养限制被远处的火灾排放所缓解。2026年1月13日出版的《自然—地球科学》杂志发表了这项成果。
森林砍伐与热带草原火灾所产生的排放物可远距离输送，并为磷元素受限的完整热带森林提供营养沉积。然而，这种沉积的规模及其对碳汇的影响仍不确定。
研究组结合卫星与模型地理空间数据集，通过特征重要性分析量化了火灾衍生养分输入对亚马逊雨林生产力的影响。大气输送模型表明，源自南部森林砍伐弧的烟羽将气溶胶输送至亚马逊盆地，在亚马逊雨林形成从南向北的磷沉降梯度。该磷沉降梯度与太阳诱导荧光（总初级生产力的表征指标）的空间分布模式高度吻合。
研究表明，长期磷沉积是预测总初级生产力的最强指标，可解释22.5%的空间变异性——每沉积1毫克磷/平方米/年，可带来7.4克碳/平方米/年的增长。该结果证实，火灾衍生的沉积能缓解原始热带森林的长期营养限制，并影响生产力空间格局。这种养分施肥效应部分抵消了森林砍伐与火灾造成的碳损失，对全球碳预算评估具有重要意义。
附：英文原文
Title: Amazon forest nutrient limitation is mitigated by distant fire emissions
Author: Descals, Adri, Janssens, Ivan A., Peuelas, Josep
Issue&Volume: 2026-01-13
Abstract: Emissions from deforestation and savannah fires can travel over long distances and contribute to nutrient deposition in intact tropical forests, where phosphorus limits productivity. The magnitude of this deposition and its influence on the carbon sink, however, remain uncertain. Here we used satellite- and model-based geospatial datasets with feature importance analysis to quantify the influence of fire-derived nutrient inputs on Amazon rainforest productivity. Atmospheric transport modelling indicated that plumes originating in the southern arc of deforestation deliver aerosols into the Amazon basin, creating a south-to-northeast gradient in phosphorus deposition across the Amazon rainforest. This gradient in phosphorus deposition aligned with spatial patterns in sun-induced fluorescence, a proxy for gross primary productivity. We show that long-term phosphorus deposition was the strongest predictor of gross primary productivity, accounting for 22.5% of total spatial variability, and was linked to gains of 7.4gCm2yr1 per 1mg Pm2yr1 deposited. Our results demonstrate that fire-derived deposition can alleviate chronic nutrient limitations in undisturbed tropical forests and influence spatial patterns of productivity. This nutrient fertilization partially offsets carbon losses from deforestation and fires, with important implications for global carbon budgets.
DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01899-7
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01899-7