近日，浙江大学谷保静团队报道了将氮废物减半以实现全球可持续发展目标的成本和收益。2026年1月6日出版的《自然—地球科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

氮废物通过多种途径对全球可持续发展构成重大威胁，这促使联合国提出将氮废物减半，以此作为实现可持续发展目标（SDGs）的一种手段。然而，通过将氮废物减半来改善全球可持续发展目标的途径和潜力尚不为人所知。

研究组采用综合评估框架来量化将氮废物减半的成本效益和环境影响。该研究表明，氮废物与联合国2030年可持续发展目标的全部17个目标都存在直接和间接的联系，将氮废物减半可将全球可持续发展目标的绩效提升19%。考虑到人类和生态系统健康的改善以及气候变化的缓解，将氮废物减半的社会总收益可能高达1.379万亿美元。

尽管实施旨在将氮废物减半的控制策略的成本可能高达1.137万亿美元，但采用更具成本效益的策略可将成本降低多达72%。该研究结果为政策制定者提供了重要见解，并强调了制定具有成本效益的氮废物减排策略以实现全球可持续发展的紧迫性。

附：英文原文

Title: Costs and benefits of halving nitrogen waste for global sustainable development goals

Author: He, Peiying, Zhang, Xiuming, Zhang, Chuanzhen, Chen, Binhui, Wang, Sitong, Cheng, Luxi, Cui, Jinglan, Deng, Ouping, Reis, Stefan, Masso, Cargele, Pradhan, Mahesh, Xu, Jianming, Gu, Baojing

Issue&Volume: 2026-01-06

Abstract: Nitrogen waste poses substantial threats to global sustainable development through multiple pathways, prompting the United Nations to propose halving nitrogen waste as a means to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the pathways and potential to improve global SDGs through halving nitrogen waste are less well known. Here we use an integrated assessment framework to quantify the cost-effectiveness and environmental impacts of halving nitrogen waste. We show that nitrogen waste is directly and indirectly linked to all 17 United Nations’ 2030 SDGs and that halving nitrogen waste could enhance global SDG performance by 19%. The total societal benefit of halving nitrogen waste could be as high as US$1,379billion, considering improvements in human and ecosystem health and mitigation of climate change. Whereas implementing control strategies aimed at halving nitrogen waste may cost up to US$1,137billion, adopting more cost-effective strategies could decrease costs by up to 72%. Our findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and underscore the urgency of developing cost-effective nitrogen-waste-reduction strategies to achieve global sustainable development.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01874-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01874-2