近日，西南交通大学张淼团队研究了驱动表面态电子的毫米波电场的量子探测。相关论文发表在2025年9月2日出版的《物理评论A》杂志上。

研究组介绍了一种基于自旋的接收器，通过量子干涉方法灵敏地探测毫米波的电场。所提出的量子传感器由许多表面态电子组成，这些电子被液氦膜底部的电极网络单独捕获在液氦上。该芯片中的直流电流偏置以产生每个捕获电子的强自旋轨道耦合。

研究组利用毫米波信号非耗散地驱动被困电子的轨道运动，导致电子自旋轨道盛装态发生斯塔克位移。因此，利用捕获在液氦上的电子的长寿命自旋态，用哈恩回波干涉测量法可以灵敏地探测到传导毫米波的电场。

附：英文原文

Title: Quantum detection of millimeter wave electric fields with driving surface-state electrons

Author: Miao Zhang, Y. F. Wang, X. Y. Peng, X. N. Feng, S. R. He, Y. F. Li, L. F. Wei

Issue&Volume: 2025/09/02

Abstract: We introduce a spin-based receiver to sensitively detect the electric fields of millimeter waves by using a quantum interferometric approach. The proposed quantum sensor consists of many surface-state electrons trapped individually on liquid helium by an electrode network at the bottom of the liquid helium film. A dc current in this chip is biased to generate strong spin-orbit coupling of each of the trapped electrons. The millimeter wave signals are conducted to nondissipatedly drive the orbital motions of the trapped electrons and result in Stark shifts of the spin-orbit dressed states of the electrons. As a consequence, the electric fields of the conducted millimeter waves could be detected sensitively by using Hahn echo interferometry with the long-lived spin states of the electrons trapped on liquid helium.

DOI: 10.1103/pvc5-1hwb

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/pvc5-1hwb