近日，瑞士苏黎世大学Razansky, Daniel团队报道了利用混合多路荧光和磁共振成像（HyFMRI）对并发神经元、星形细胞和血流动力学活动进行无创大规模成像。相关论文于2025年9月25日发表在《光：科学与应用》杂志上。

目前，对于星形胶质细胞在神经血管耦合及其与其他脑细胞的功能联系中作用的系统理解和实验验证存在一个关键的空白。尽管对于多尺度脑问题的功能性神经成像工具有广泛的选择，但目前还没有一种方法可以在辨别神经和胶质细胞反应的同时，大规模地绘制相关的血流动力学活动。

研究组提出了一种混合多路荧光和磁共振成像（HyFMRI）平台，用于测量神经元和星形胶质细胞活动，同时记录全脑血流动力学反应。它的特点是基于纤维镜的成像系统，用于多通道荧光和光学固有信号记录，以及一个集成在临床前磁共振成像（MRI）扫描仪孔中的cthemtom表面射频线圈。研究组使用HyFMRI，研究了RCaMP和GCaMP基因编码钙指标不同标记的小鼠外周刺激诱发的脑反应。刺激引起的神经元反应表现出最快的动力学和最高的激活幅度，其次是星形细胞信号和血流动力学反应，同时与功能MRI记录。

此外，神经元和星形胶质细胞的激活痕迹表现出高度的线性相关性，这为星形胶质细胞介导神经血管耦合提供了直接证据。这种新开发的捕捉细胞类型特异性钙信号和全脑血流动力学的能力，使得在健康和疾病中同时研究神经-胶质-血管相互作用成为可能。HyFMRI扩展了当前的神经成像工具箱，用于突触可塑性、神经回路、脑功能和疾病的广泛研究。

附：英文原文

Title: Non-invasive large-scale imaging of concurrent neuronal, astrocytic, and hemodynamic activity with hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI)

Author: Chen, Zhenyue, Chen, Yi, Gezginer, Irmak, Ding, Qingxiang, Yoshihara, Hikari A. I., Den-Ben, Xos Lus, Ni, Ruiqing, Razansky, Daniel

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-25

Abstract: A critical gap currently exists in systematic understanding and experimental validation of the role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling and their functional links with other brain cells. Despite a broad selection of functional neuroimaging tools for multi-scale brain interrogations, no methodology currently exists that can discern responses from neural and glial cells while simultaneously mapping the associated hemodynamic activity on a large scale. We present a hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI) platform for measuring neuronal and astrocytic activity registered to concurrently recorded brain-wide hemodynamic responses. It features a fiberscope-based imaging system for multichannel fluorescence and optical intrinsic signal recordings and a custom surface radiofrequency coil, which are incorporated into the bore of a preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. We used HyFMRI to study peripheral-stimulus-evoked brain responses in mice differentially labeled with RCaMP and GCaMP genetically-encoded calcium indicators. Stimulation-evoked neuronal responses displayed the fastest kinetics and highest activation amplitude followed by astrocytic signals and the hemodynamic responses simultaneously recorded with functional MRI. In addition, the activation traces from neurons and astrocytes exhibited high linear correlation, thus providing direct evidence of astrocytic mediation in neurovascular coupling. This newly developed capacity to capture cell-type-specific calcium signaling alongside whole-brain hemodynamics enables the simultaneous investigation of neuro-glial-vascular interactions in health and disease. HyFMRI thus expands the current neuroimaging toolbox for a wide range of studies into synaptic plasticity, neural circuitry, brain function and disorders.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02003-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-025-02003-9