莱布尼茨植物遗传与作物研究所Martin Mascher课题组报道了基于单倍型的大麦驯化进化史。2025年9月24日出版的《自然》发表了这项成果。

随着基因组数据的日益全面，该团队现在想知道单倍型——这种拼合的组成部分——起源于哪里，是否所有驯化的大麦都有相同的野生祖先，还是某些野生种群对特定谱系的贡献更大。为了解决这些问题，课题组采用基于单倍型的方法研究了野生和驯化大麦的遗传多样性和群体结构。课题组研究人员分析了682个基因库和23个考古标本的全基因组序列，追踪了单倍型的时空起源，并确定了驯化和后来的基因流动事件中的野生贡献者。古代DNA支持他们从现代样本中获得的全基因组发现。他们的研究结果表明，在漫长的前驯化时期，新月沃地出现了一个创始的驯化人群。一个关键的实际见解是，大麦群体之间的高单倍型分化——独立产生或分层产生于选择之上——对定位适应位点提出了挑战。

研究人员表示，大麦是最古老的栽培作物之一，有着复杂的进化和驯化历史。先前的研究拒绝了单一起源的观点，而是支持马赛克基因组起源模型。

附：英文原文

Title: A haplotype-based evolutionary history of barley domestication

Author: Guo, Yu, Jayakodi, Murukarthick, Himmelbach, Axel, Ben-Yosef, Erez, Davidovich, Uri, David, Michal, Hartmann-Shenkman, Anat, Kislev, Mordechai, Fahima, Tzion, Schuenemann, Verena J., Reiter, Ella, Krause, Johannes, Steffenson, Brian J., Stein, Nils, Weiss, Ehud, Mascher, Martin

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-24

Abstract: Barley is one of the oldest cultivated crops, with a complex evolutionary and domestication history1. Previous studies have rejected the idea of a single origin and instead support a model of mosaic genomic ancestry2,3. With increasingly comprehensive genome data, we now ask where the haplotypes — the building blocks of this mosaic — originate, and whether all domesticated barleys share the same wild progenitors or whether certain wild populations contribute more heavily to specific lineages. To address these questions, we apply a haplotype-based approach to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of wild and domesticated barley. We analyse whole-genome sequences from 682 genebank accessions and 23 archaeological specimens, tracing the spatiotemporal origins of haplotypes and identifying wild contributors during domestication and later gene flow events. Ancient DNA supports our genome-wide findings from modern samples. Our results suggest that a founding domesticated population emerged in the Fertile Crescent during a prolonged period of pre-domestication cultivation. A key practical insight is that the high haplotype differentiation among barley populations — arising independently, or layered on top, of selection — poses challenges for mapping adaptive loci.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09533-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09533-7