近日，中国科学院地球化学研究所翟双猛团队研究了火星核心的轻元素。这一研究成果于2025年9月18日发表在《地球化学学报》上。

火星地核主要含有铁、镍和一些轻元素。然而，由于缺乏样品和火星地震数据，关于火星核心的结构和化学成分仍然存在争议。最近，洞察号着陆器收集了长期的火星地震数据，改进了火星内部结构模型。根据对火星地震数据的初步分析，火星有一个半径约为1700公里的熔融液体核心。由于在相应的压力和温度条件下，火星内核的密度比纯铁小，温度也比纯铁低，因此引入了一些轻元素来降低密度和液态温度。在过去的几年中，通过各种地震分析方法、现场高压和高温实验以及第一主计算，火星岩心组成和演化模型得到了更新。

研究组从(1)高温高压实验、(2)地震数据、(3)矿物物理模型与分子动力学模拟、(4)宇宙化学研究等方面对火星核中轻元素的研究进行了综述。他们讨论了不同的轻元素对火星内核密度、声速和液态温度的影响。此外，还研究了火星核心中轻元素的种类、丰度和形式。

附：英文原文

Title: Light elements in the Martian core

Author: Yang, Yinfang, Zhai, Shuangmeng

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-18

Abstract: The Martian core mainly contains iron, nickel and some light elements. However, controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data. Recently, the InSight lander collected long-term marsquake data, which improved the Martian interior structure model. Based on the preliminary analysis of marsquake data, Mars has a molten liquid core with a radius of around 1700 km. As the Martian core has a smaller density and lower temperature than pure iron at corresponding pressure and temperature conditions, some light elements are introduced to reduce the density and liquidus temperature. With various methods for seismic analysis, in-situ high-pressure and high-temperature experiments, and first-principal calculations, the Martian core composition and evolution models have been updated in the past few years. Here, we review those studies on the light elements in the Martian core from four aspects including (1) high-temperature and high-pressure experiments, (2) marsquake data, (3) mineral physics model with molecular dynamics simulations and (4) cosmochemistry investigation. We discussed the effect of different light elements on the Martian core’s density, sound velocity and liquidus temperature. Moreover, the review examines the varieties, abundances and forms of light elements in the Martian core.

DOI: 10.1007/s11631-025-00819-1

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11631-025-00819-1