为了研究其进化，特别是在病媒控制压力下的进化，该研究组对来自16个非洲国家的656个现代标本（采集于2014年至2018年）和45个历史标本（采集于1927年至1967年）进行了测序。尽管具有较高的遗传多样性，但该物种表现出稳定而可观的大陆种群结构。尽管一个种群在一个世纪和4000公里的范围内几乎没有分化，但在附近，该研究组发现了两个遗传上截然不同的生态型。病媒控制产生了强烈的选择信号，一些抗性等位基因通过基因流在种群中共享，而另一些抗性等位基因则独立产生。幸运的是，研究团队在冈比亚按蚊中发现了一个很有希望的基因驱动靶点，在An. funestus中是高度保守的。这些见解将使杀虫剂管理和基因驱动部署更具战略性，从而支持消除疟疾。
据介绍，按蚊是非洲主要的人类疟疾传播媒介。
附：英文原文
Title: Genomic diversity of the African malaria vector Anopheles funestus
Author: Marilou Boddé, Joachim Nwezeobi, Petra Korlevi, Alex Makunin, Ousman Akone-Ella, Sonia Barasa, Mahamat Gadji, Lee Hart, Emmanuel W. Kaindoa, Katie Love, Eric R. Lucas, Ibra Lujumba, Mara Máquina, Sanjay C. Nagi, Joel O. Odero, Brian Polo, Claire Sangbakembi, Samuel Dadzie, Lizette L. Koekemoer, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Erica McAlister, Eric Ochomo, Fredros Okumu, Krijn Paaijmans, David P. Tchouassi, Charles S. Wondji, Diego Ayala, Richard Durbin, Alistair Miles, Mara K. N. Lawniczak
Issue&Volume: 2025-09-18
Abstract: Anopheles funestus s.s. is a major human malaria vector across Africa. To study its evolution, especially under vector control pressure, we sequenced 656 modern specimens (collected 2014 to 2018) and 45 historic specimens (collected 1927 to 1967) from 16 African countries. Despite high genetic diversity, the species shows stable but considerable continental population structure. Although one population showed little differentiation over a century and 4000 kilometers, nearby, we found two genetically distinct ecotypes. Vector control has resulted in strong signals of selection, with some resistance alleles shared across populations through gene flow and others arising independently. Fortunately, we found that a promising gene drive target in Anopheles gambiae is highly conserved in An. funestus. These insights will enable more strategic insecticide usage and gene drive deployment, supporting malaria elimination.
DOI: adu3596
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu3596