日本RIKEN脑科学研究中心Hokto Kazama小组的最新研究探明了不同的电路基序评价不同的气味固有值。2025年9月17日出版的《细胞》杂志发表了这项成果。

通过记录果蝇高级嗅觉区的几乎每个神经元，研究团队发现侧角是一个固有气味值计算的地方，在那里不同的神经元代表相反的固有值。一个基于连接体的峰值网络模型概括了神经活动，表明厌恶气味的表征是通过前馈兴奋的特定收敛出现的，而吸引气味的表征是通过额外的局部抑制出现的。这种抑制是广泛的，但与激励平衡，并实现增益控制和阈值，以形成有吸引力的气味调谐。根据模型的预测，局部抑制偏向神经元和行为气味反应的操作。它们，在享乐光谱的另一端的气味在子电路中被处理，这些子电路不仅是隔离的，而且在连接主题上也是不同的。

研究人员表示，评估对象的内在价值对于表达适应性行为至关重要。然而，这种计算在大脑中的位置和方式仍然是未知的。

附：英文原文

Title: Distinct circuit motifs evaluate opposing innate values of odors

Author: Makoto Someya, Ka-Yuet Liu, Kazumi Ohta, Hokto Kazama

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-17

Abstract: Evaluating the innate value of objects is critical for expressing adaptive behaviors. However, where and how this computation takes place in the brain remain elusive. By recording from virtually every neuron in Drosophila higher olfactory areas, we show that the lateral horn is a site of innate odor value computation, where distinct neurons represent opposing innate values. A connectome-based spiking network model recapitulating the neural activity indicates that representations of aversive odors emerge through specific convergence of feedforward excitation, whereas those of attractive odors emerge through additional local inhibition. This inhibition is broad yet balanced with excitation and implements gain control and thresholding to shape attractive odor tuning. Manipulation of local inhibition biased neuronal and behavioral odor responses according to the prediction of the model. Thus, odors at the opposite ends of the hedonic spectrum are processed in sub-circuits that are not only segregated but also distinct in connectivity motifs.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.08.032

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)01021-9