近日，美国哈佛大学Lukin, Mikhail D.团队研究了连续运行的相干3000量子位系统。相关论文于2025年9月15日发表在《自然》杂志上。

中性原子是量子科学的一个有前景的平台，可以在从量子模拟和计算到计量学、原子钟和量子网络等领域取得进展。虽然原子损失通常将这些系统限制在脉冲模式，但连续操作可以显著提高循环速率，消除计量瓶颈，并通过量子纠错实现深电路量子演化。 

研究组展示了一种实验架构，用于大规模原子阵列系统的高速重载和连续操作，同时实现量子信息的相干存储和操纵。该方法利用一系列两个光学晶格传送带将原子库输送到科学区域，在那里原子被反复提取到光镊中，而不会影响附近存储的量子比特的相干性。 

使用每秒300000个原子在镊子中的重新加载率，研究组每秒创建超过30000个初始化量子位，利用这些量子位组装和维护超过3000个原子的阵列超过两个小时。此外，他们还展示了在保持存储量子比特的量子态的同时，用自旋极化或相干叠加态的原子量子比特持续填充阵列。该研究结果为实现大规模连续运行的原子钟、传感器和容错量子计算机铺平了道路。

附：英文原文

Title: Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system

Author: Chiu, Neng-Chun, Trapp, Elias C., Guo, Jinen, Abobeih, Mohamed H., Stewart, Luke M., Hollerith, Simon, Stroganov, Pavel L., Kalinowski, Marcin, Geim, Alexandra A., Evered, Simon J., Li, Sophie H., Lyu, Xingjian, Peters, Lisa M., Bluvstein, Dolev, Wang, Tout T., Greiner, Markus, Vuleti, Vladan, Lukin, Mikhail D.

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-15

Abstract: Neutral atoms are a promising platform for quantum science, enabling advances in areas ranging from quantum simulations13 and computation410 to metrology, atomic clocks1113 and quantum networking1416. While atom losses typically limit these systems to a pulsed mode, continuous operation1722 could significantly enhance cycle rates, remove bottlenecks in metrology23, and enable deep-circuit quantum evolution through quantum error correction24,25. Here we demonstrate an experimental architecture for high-rate reloading and continuous operation of a large-scale atom array system while realizing coherent storage and manipulation of quantum information. Our approach utilizes a series of two optical lattice conveyor belts to transport atom reservoirs into the science region, where atoms are repeatedly extracted into optical tweezers without affecting the coherence of qubits stored nearby. Using a reloading rate of 300,000 atoms in tweezers per second, we create over 30,000 initialized qubits per second, which we leverage to assemble and maintain an array of over 3,000 atoms for more than two hours. Furthermore, we demonstrate persistent refilling of the array with atomic qubits in either a spin-polarized or a coherent superposition state while preserving the quantum state of stored qubits. Our results pave the way for realization of large-scale continuously operated atomic clocks, sensors, and fault-tolerant quantum computers.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09596-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09596-6