传统观点认为，美国西部（WUS）的野火由于气溶胶排放和向东移动而降低了全国的空气质量。
研究组发现，野火产生的热量（一个通常被忽视的影响）可以降低美国东部（EUS）的细颗粒物浓度（PM2.5），其减少量与火灾季节美国东部（US）的增加量相当。
这一现象是由西风区火灾热致对流和随后远离火灾的下游气象变化引起的。湿沉降增强和气溶胶向东输送减弱降低了PM2.5水平。因此，忽略火灾热量对PM2.5污染的影响，会导致过早死亡人数增加1200人，经济损失高估33亿美元，特别是在人口密集的欧盟。
附：英文原文
Title: Fire heat affects the impacts of wildfires on air pollution in the United States
Author: Qihan Ma, Linyi Wei, Yong Wang, Guang J. Zhang, Xinlin Zhou, Bin Wang
Issue&Volume: 2025-09-11
Abstract: Conventional wisdom suggests that wildfires in the western United States (WUS) degrade air quality nationwide as a result of aerosol emissions and eastward transport. However, we found that heat produced by wildfires, a commonly neglected effect, can reduce fine particle concentrations (PM2.5) in the eastern United States (EUS) by an amount comparable to the increases in the WUS during the fire season. This phenomenon arises from fire heat–induced convection in the WUS and subsequent downstream meteorological changes distant from fires. Enhanced wet deposition and weakened eastward transport of fire aerosols lower PM2.5 levels in the EUS. Therefore, neglecting the effect of fire heat on PM2.5 pollution leads to an overestimate of 1200 additional premature deaths and 3.3 billion USD in economic losses, particularly in the densely populated EUS.
DOI: ads1957
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ads1957