近日，德国慕尼黑工业大学Pollmann, F.团队实现了在量子处理器上探测非平衡拓扑序。相关论文于2025年9月10日发表在《自然》杂志上。

多体系统中的非平衡相构成了量子物质的新范式，其表现出的动力学性质可能会被平衡热力学所禁止。在这些非平衡相中，周期性驱动（Floquet）系统因其高度纠缠而通常难以经典模拟。

研究组在超导量子比特阵列上实现了此前理论上提出的Floquet拓扑有序态。他们对其手性边缘模的特征动力学进行了成像，并对其出现的任意子激发进行了表征。设计一种干涉测量算法实现了引入和测量体拓扑不变量，以探测系统规模高达58量子位的任意子的动态嬗变。该工作表明，量子处理器可为迄今为止尚未探索的高度纠缠的非平衡物质相提供关键见解。

附：英文原文

Title: Probing non-equilibrium topological order on a quantum processor

Author: Will, M., Cochran, T. A., Rosenberg, E., Jobst, B., Eassa, N. M., Roushan, P., Knap, M., Gammon-Smith, A., Pollmann, F.

Issue&Volume: 2025-09-10

Abstract: Out-of-equilibrium phases in many-body systems constitute a new paradigm in quantum matter—they exhibit dynamical properties that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics. Among these non-equilibrium phases are periodically driven (Floquet) systems1,2,3,4,5, which are generically difficult to simulate classically because of their high entanglement. Here we realize a Floquet topologically ordered state theoretically proposed in ref.6, on an array of superconducting qubits. We image the characteristic dynamics of its chiral edge modes and characterize its emergent anyonic excitations. Devising an interferometric algorithm allows us to introduce and measure a bulk topological invariant to probe the dynamical transmutation of anyons for system sizes up to 58 qubits. Our work demonstrates that quantum processors can provide key insights into the thus-far largely unexplored landscape of highly entangled non-equilibrium phases of matter.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09456-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09456-3