近日，美国史蒂文斯理工学院曲春雷团队研究了具有可调取向的合成磁场中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。该研究于2025年9月9日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

研究组系统分析了受位置相关失谐影响的自旋玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态和动力学。这种失谐产生了三个相关的量（合成磁场、角速度和角动量），由于陷阱的各向异性，它们可能指向不同的方向。当沿谐波阱三个对称轴的偶极子频率简并时，偶极子运动可以在垂直于合成磁场的平面上分解为两个耦合的横向模式和另一个解耦的纵向模式，从而根据激励方案实现可控的类福柯进动或双圆锥轨迹。

此外，淬灭合成磁场的取向会激发多个耦合的四极模式。研究组发展了一种流体力学理论，其预测与格罗斯-皮塔耶夫斯基的模拟非常吻合。该研究有助于深入理解量子流体中合成磁场的影响和集体模式的激发，为未来量子模拟和高精度传感技术的发展提供基础。

附：英文原文

Title: Bose-Einstein condensates in a synthetic magnetic field with tunable orientation

Author: Fengtao Pang, Huaxin He, Yongping Zhang, Chunlei Qu

Issue&Volume: 2025/09/09

Abstract: We systematically investigate the ground state and dynamics of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates subject to a position-dependent detuning. This detuning induces three related quantities (a synthetic magnetic field, an angular velocity, and an angular momentum), which, due to trap anisotropy, may point in different directions. When the dipole frequencies along the three symmetric axes of the harmonic trap are degenerate, the dipole motion can decompose into two coupled transverse modes in the plane perpendicular to the synthetic magnetic field, and another decoupled longitudinal mode, enabling controllable Foucault-like precession or biconical trajectories depending on the excitation protocol. Furthermore, quenching the orientation of the synthetic magnetic field excites multiple coupled quadrupole modes. We develop a hydrodynamic theory whose predictions match well with Gross-Pitaevskii simulations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the effects of the synthetic magnetic field and the excitations of the collective mode in quantum fluids, providing a foundation for future developments in quantum simulation and high-precision sensing technologies.

DOI: 10.1103/1pmq-3sxg

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/1pmq-3sxg