澳大利亚格里菲斯大学Adam Brumm团队宣布他们研究出早更新世苏拉威西岛的古人类。2025年8月6日，国际知名学术期刊《自然》发表了这一成果。

在这里，研究人员展示了石制人工制品也出现在附近的卡利奥遗址的化石层中，这些化石层的历史至少可以追溯到104万年还有可能涨到148万年沉积岩的古地磁测年和化石牙齿的铀系列（U-series）和电子自旋共振（US-ESR）耦合测年。在卡利奥发现的早更新世人工制品表明，苏拉威西岛与弗洛雷斯岛几乎同时（如果不是更早的话）居住着人类。

据介绍，古人类向东南亚大陆以外的分散（巽他）代表了人类跨越海洋屏障到达孤立大陆的最早证据。在此之前，在巽他以东的海洋岛屿区瓦拉卡发现了最古老的人类迹象，包括至少在1.02±0.02百万年前（马）在弗洛里斯岛的沃罗塞奇。早期人类也出现在海洋岛屿吕宋岛（菲律宾）上，这一点可以从公元前777年至631年在卡林加发现的动物遗骸上的石器和切割痕迹中得到证实。此外，在弗洛雷斯（弗洛勒斯人）和吕宋岛（吕宋人）上发现了已灭绝的小型人族化石。在瓦拉西亚最大的岛屿苏拉威西岛上，先前的挖掘发现了至少有19.4万年历史的石制人工制品。在瓦拉奈大萧条时期的塔勒普开放遗址发现的，早在已知最早的现代人（智人）出现在该地区之前(巽他地区为7.3万至6.3万年前）。

附：英文原文

Title: Hominins on Sulawesi during the Early Pleistocene

Author: Hakim, Budianto, Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo, van den Bergh, Gerrit D., Yurnaldi, Dida, Joannes-Boyau, Renaud, Duli, Akin, Suryatman, Sardi, Ratno, Nurani, Indah Asikin, Puspaningrum, Mika Rizki, Mahmud, Irfan, Haris, Afdalah, Anshari, Khairun Al, Saiful, Andi Muhammad, Arman Bungaran, P., Adhityatama, Shinatria, Muhammad, Putra Hudlinas, Akib, Anwar, Somba, Nani, Fakhri, Burhan, Basran, Masud, Zubair, Moore, Mark W., Perston, Yinika L., Yu, Wenjing, Aubert, Maxime, Brumm, Adam

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-06

Abstract: The dispersal of archaic hominins beyond mainland Southeast Asia (Sunda)1 represents the earliest evidence for humans crossing ocean barriers to reach isolated landmasses2,3,4. Previously, the oldest indication of hominins in Wallacea, the oceanic island zone east of Sunda, comprised flaked stone artefacts deposited at least 1.02±0.02million years ago (Ma) at Wolo Sege on Flores5. Early hominins were also established on the oceanic island of Luzon (Philippines), as indicated by both stone artefacts and cut marks on faunal remains dating to between 777 and 631 thousand years ago (ka) at Kalinga6. Moreover, fossils of extinct, small-bodied hominins occur on Flores (Homo floresiensis)7,8,9,10,11,12 and Luzon (Homo luzonensis)13. On Sulawesi, the largest Wallacean island, previous excavations revealed stone artefacts with a minimum age of 194ka at the open site of Talepu in the Walanae Depression14, long preceding the earliest known presence of modern humans (Homo sapiens) in the region (73–63ka in Sunda)15. Here we show that stone artefacts also occur at the nearby site of Calio in fossiliferous layers dated to at least 1.04Ma and possibly up to 1.48Ma, using palaeomagnetic dating of sedimentary rocks and coupled Uranium-series (U-series) and electron-spin resonance (US–ESR) dating of fossil teeth. The discovery of Early Pleistocene artefacts at Calio suggests that Sulawesi was populated by hominins at around the same time as Flores, if not earlier.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09348-6

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09348-6