近日，中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所刘景波团队研究了高变质条件下富氯化亚铁硅流体与大理岩相互作用过程中的非生物合成。相关论文于2025年8月28日发表在《美国科学院院刊》杂志上。

在670 ~ 800℃的高温、文石+钠长石向方解石稳定场的压力以及赤铁矿-磁铁矿和黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿-磁铁矿缓冲带之间的氧逸性作用下，富氯化亚铁硅流体和熔体渗透导致了中国苏鲁超高压变质地带白云岩大理岩的脱碳，形成了橄榄石大理岩和透辉石。脱碳过程中捕获的锆石中的夹心离子表明，发生了3FeCl₂ (aq) + 3CaCO₃ + H₂O = Fe₃O₄（磁铁矿）+ 3CaCl₂ (aq) + 3CO₂ + H₂的产H₂反应，并诱导了磁铁矿催化的费托合成，夹心离子中存在轮辉石、无序碳氧化合物、CH₄和CO。

该研究结果强调了水中铁在生成H₂和磁铁矿中的作用，并对深层流体中碳的形态形成和溶解度以及内源性非生物合成具有深远的意义，这可能是地球上有机化合物的益生元出现的关键。

附：英文原文

Title: Abiotic synthesis during the interaction of ferrous chloride–rich silicic fluids with marble under high-grade metamorphic conditions

Author: Fei, Chenhui, Guo, Shun, Li, Yibing, Liu, Jingbo

Issue&Volume: 2025-8-28

Abstract: Ferrous chloride–rich silicic fluid and melt infiltration led to the decarbonation of dolomitic marble in the Chinese Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain under temperatures ranging from 670 to 800 °C, pressures from the aragonite + albite to calcite stability fields and the oxygen fugacities between the hematite–magnetite and pyrite–pyrrhotite–magnetite buffers, resulting in the formation of olivine marble and diopsidite. The inclusions in zircons trapped during the decarbonation process suggest that the H2-producing reaction 3FeCl2 (aq) + 3CaCO3 + H2O = Fe3O4 (magnetite) + 3CaCl2 (aq) + 3CO2 + H2 occurred and that it induced magnetite-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch-type synthesis, as indicated by the presence of whewellite, disordered carbonaceous material, CH4, and CO in the inclusions. The results of this study highlight the role of aqueous Fe in generating H2 and magnetite and have far-reaching implications for carbon speciation and solubility in deep fluids and for endogenic abiotic synthesis, which may be pivotal in the prebiotic occurrence of organic compounds on Earth.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2423043122

Source: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2423043122