近日，清华大学陈振团队报道了交叉流结构设计实现二维聚合物阴极的超快充电。这一研究成果发表在2025年8月19日出版的《自然-化学》杂志上。

虽然超快速充放电是能量存储的迫切需要，但密堆晶体无机电极受到离子传输缓慢的影响，限制了这种能力。

研究组报道了二维垂直阶梯聚合物阴极材料，其特征是层状纳米片具有丰富的层内孔隙和结构缺陷以及弱层间相互作用。这种结构设计允许锂离子垂直迁移穿过固有的孔隙和/或缺陷，并伴有水平嵌入，从而为锂的储存建立了一个交叉流动通道。

这种有效的离子传输方法使超高功率聚合物阴极能够在高电流密度下在30秒内快速充电至约70%的电荷状态。即使在-50°C下运行，聚合物阴极也能充电3分钟，达到约55%的充电状态。此外，研究组还提出了一种有机-无机混合策略，以高速率全面提高电极级比能，以满足实际指标。这项工作证明了有机电极在极端操作条件下大功率输出的潜力。

附：英文原文

Title: Ultrafast charging of two-dimensional polymer cathodes enabled by cross-flow structure design

Author: Deng, Xianming, Liu, Li, Zhang, Shuchao, Chen, Qingxuan, Zhang, Xinming, Wu, Huimin, Chen, Yongqi, Hou, Tingzheng, Liu, Ming, Zhou, Dong, Peng, Lele, Chen, Zhen

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-19

Abstract: While ultrafast charging and discharging is highly desired for energy storage, the densely packed crystalline inorganic electrodes suffer from sluggish ion transport that limits this capability. Here we report two-dimensional vertical ladder polymer cathode materials that feature layered nanosheets with rich intralayer pores and structural defects alongside weak interlayer interactions. This structural design allows lithium ions to migrate vertically across the intrinsic pores and/or defects accompanied by horizontal intercalation, thus establishing a cross-flow pathway for lithium storage. Such an effective ion-transport method enables flash charging of an ultrahigh-power polymer cathode to ~70% state-of-charge within 30s at a high current density. Even operated at 50°C, the polymer cathode achieves 3-min charging to ~55% state-of-charge. Furthermore, we propose an organic–inorganic hybrid strategy that overall improves the electrode-level specific energy at high rates for meeting practical metrics. This work demonstrates the potential of organic electrodes for high-power output under extreme operational conditions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41557-025-01899-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-025-01899-5