对23个Avena种35份资料的超全基因组分析表明，Avena种具有复杂的进化史和广泛的基因组多样性，这一成果由河北大学杜会龙研究团队经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文于2025年8月20日发表在《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

研究人员构建了一个由14个栽培燕麦品种和21个野生燕麦品种的35个高质量基因组组成的Avena超泛基因组。全解析系统基因组分析揭示了Avena物种的起源和进化情景，超泛基因组分析鉴定出26.62%和59.93%的野生种特异性基因和单倍型。该课题组描绘了结构变异（SVs）的景观和转录组谱基于1401个RNA测序（RNA-seq）样本来自不同的非生物胁迫处理燕麦。该团队强调了SVs在调节基因表达和塑造对不同胁迫的适应方面的关键作用。进一步结合基于SVs的全基因组关联研究（GWASs），该课题组鉴定了13个与抗旱性相关的候选基因，如AsARF7，并通过转基因燕麦系验证。他们的研究为燕麦基因组学、进化和分子育种研究提供了前所未有的基因组资源。

据悉，普通燕麦属燕麦属，已知品种30种，是世界范围内重要的营养谷类作物和优质饲料。

附：英文原文

Title: Super-pangenome analyses across 35 accessions of 23 Avena species highlight their complex evolutionary history and extensive genomic diversity

Author: Zhang, Hongyu, Liu, Ningkun, Wang, Yaru, Zheng, Xinyuan, Li, Wei, Liu, Ze, Liu, Jianan, Wang, Yu, Xing, Longsheng, Li, Tao, Yun, Yange, Zhou, Qinghong, Wang, Meijia, Qin, Yujie, Yan, Jinjiang, Gong, Zhizhong, He, Qiang, Du, Huilong

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-20

Abstract: Common oat, belonging to the genus Avena with 30 recognized species, is a nutritionally important cereal crop and high-quality forage worldwide. Here, we construct a genus-level super-pangenome of Avena comprising 35 high-quality genomes from 14 cultivated oat accessions and 21 wild species. The fully resolved phylogenomic analysis unveils the origin and evolutionary scenario of Avena species, and the super-pangenome analysis identifies 26.62% and 59.93% specific genes and haplotypes in wild species. We delineate the landscape of structural variations (SVs) and the transcriptome profile based 1,401 RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from diverse abiotic stress treatments in oat. We highlight the crucial role of SVs in modulating gene expression and shaping adaptation to diverse stresses. Further combining SV-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we characterize 13 candidate genes associated with drought resistance such as AsARF7, validated by transgenic oat lines. Our study provides unprecedented genomic resources to facilitate genomic, evolution and molecular breeding research in oat.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02294-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02294-z