近日，瑞典乌普萨拉大学Eliel Camargo-Molina团队研究了标准模型有效场论中一阶电弱相变目录。2025年8月14日出版的《高能物理杂志》发表了这项成果。

研究组使用现代降维有效场论方法，仔细关注尺度层次，分析和分类标准模型有效场论（SMEFT）中可能出现的一阶电弱相变类型。该计算为执行规范不变、适当结果的微扰展开奠定了必要的基础，从而解决了相变计算中的许多理论问题。他们发现了三种允许一阶相变的标量势配置，即树级势垒、辐射势垒或突破科尔曼-温伯格机制的辐射对称性，还发现了这些具有明显过冷的版本。

研究组对仅涉及希格斯场的SMEFT算子的Wilson系数进行了全局似然扫描，以识别出表现出这些一阶相变并与实验和理论约束一致的参数区域。他们审查了SMEFT中电弱重子生成的可能性，并粗略估计了相变产生的引力波谱是否可检测。

附：英文原文

Title: A catalog of first-order electroweak phase transitions in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory

Author: Camargo-Molina, Eliel, Enberg, Rikard, Lfgren, Johan

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-14

Abstract: We use modern dimensionally-reduced effective field theory methods, with careful attention to scale hierarchies, to analyze and catalog the types of first-order electroweak phase transitions that are possible in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). Our calculations lay the necessary groundwork to perform gauge invariant, properly resummed perturbative expansions, and therefore address many of the theoretical problems with phase transition calculations.

We find three types of configurations of the scalar potential that allow for a first-order phase transition, namely tree-level barriers, radiative barriers, or radiative symmetry breaking through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. We also find versions of these with significant supercooling.

We perform a global likelihood scan over the Wilson coefficients of SMEFT operators involving only the Higgs field, to identify parameter regions that exhibit these first-order phase transitions and are consistent with experimental and theoretical constraints.

We comment on the possibilities for electroweak baryogenesis within the SMEFT, and roughly estimate if the gravitational wave spectra generated by the phase transitions are detectable.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP08(2025)113

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)113