近日，意大利CMCC基金会-欧洲-地中海气候变化中心Masina, Simona团队报道了地中海夏季海洋热浪由亚热带脊下的弱风引发。这一研究成果于2025年8月14日发表在《自然—地球科学》杂志上。
海洋热浪，海面温度持续升高，影响社会和生态系统，需要更深入地了解其驱动因素，以预测和减轻不利影响。这些事件在地中海的夏季可能特别严重，尽管控制其发生和持续时间的因素尚不完全清楚。
研究组利用综合的多年代际宏观事件数据集和温度计分析来研究地中海夏季最大海洋热浪发生前的大气动力学。该研究确定了导致海洋热浪高峰的有利条件，并揭示了地中海的主要天气因素是持续的副热带反气旋脊和相关的盛行风系统减弱的综合作用。当持续的副热带高压脊在该地区上空形成时，风速的降低导致大气潜热损失的大幅减少，潜热损失占受影响地区总热通量的70%以上。这种减少，加上短波辐射的适度增加，产生并加剧了海洋热浪。这种协同关系代表了一种关键机制，对于熟练地预测这种大气环流模式和现实地模拟其对海洋环境的影响至关重要。
附：英文原文
Title: Mediterranean summer marine heatwaves triggered by weaker winds under subtropical ridges
Author: Bonino, Giulia, McAdam, Ronan, Athanasiadis, Panos, Cavicchia, Leone, Rodrigues, Regina R., Scoccimarro, Enrico, Tibaldi, Stefano, Masina, Simona
Issue&Volume: 2025-08-14
Abstract: Marine heatwaves, extended periods of elevated sea surface temperature, impact society and ecosystems, and deeper understanding of their drivers is needed to predict and mitigate adverse effects. These events can be particularly severe in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer although the factors that control their occurrence and duration are not fully known. Here we use a comprehensive multi-decadal macroevent dataset and a cluster analysis to investigate the atmospheric dynamics preceding the largest summer marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean Sea. Our study identifies the favourable conditions leading up to marine heatwave peaks and reveals that their main synoptic cause in the Mediterranean Sea is the combined effect of persistent subtropical anticyclonic ridges and associated weakening of prevailing wind systems. When persistent subtropical ridges are established over the region, the resulting decrease in wind speeds causes a substantial reduction in latent heat loss to the atmosphere, which accounts for over 70% of the total heat flux in affected regions. This reduction, combined with a moderate increase in short-wave radiation, generates and intensifies marine heatwaves. This synergistic relationship represents a key mechanism that is critical for skilfully predicting such atmospheric circulation patterns and realistically simulating their impacts on the marine environment.
DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01762-9
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01762-9