近日，上海交通大学孙浩团队研究了用于高性能Na-Cl₂电池的氟化电解质添加剂的阴极催化。2025年8月12日出版的《国家科学评论》杂志发表了这项最新研究成果。

可充电钠氯（Na-Cl₂）电池由于其高电化学性能和对丰富、经济高效的材料的依赖，为下一代能源存储提供了一个很有前景的解决方案。电解质通常由氯化铝（AlCl₃）和亚硫酰氯（SOCl₂）的混合物组成，并添加双（氟磺酰基）亚胺钠（NaFSI）和三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺钠（NaTFSI）作为含氟添加剂。这些添加剂被认为在Na金属阳极上形成氟化固体电解质间相层，以增强循环稳定性，其机制类似于传统碱金属电池中观察到的机制。

研究组揭示了这些添加剂和电解质中的AlCl₃之间的自发反应，在阴极上产生AlF₃。由于AlF₃的强刘易斯酸性，这使得NaCl/Cl₂氧化更容易，并且抑制了寄生反应。这些发现不仅纠正了对可充电Na-Cl₂电池中氟化添加剂机理的误解，而且在更广泛的背景下，为将传统的阳极保护添加剂转变为高效的阴极催化剂，为实现高倍率和长寿命的储能解决方案开辟了新的途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Unveiling cathode catalysis of fluorinated electrolyte additives for high-performance Na-Cl2 batteries

Author: Xu, Qiuchen, Tang, Shanshan, Wang, Shuo, Chen, Anrong, Wang, Yan, Geng, Shitao, Yuan, Bin, Zhang, Chengxiao, Chen, Qianyun, Ouyang, Zhaofeng, Zhu, Feng, Zhao, Xiaoju, Sun, Hao

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-12

Abstract: Rechargeable sodium-chlorine (Na-Cl2) batteries offer a promising solution for next-generation energy storage, due to their high electrochemical performance and reliance on abundant, cost-effective materials. The electrolyte typically comprises a mixture of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and thionyl chloride (SOCl2), with the addition of sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) and sodium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (NaTFSI) as F-containing additives. These additives have been considered to form a fluorinated solid-electrolyte interphase layer on the Na metal anode to enhance cycling stability, a mechanism analogous to those observed in conventional alkali metal batteries. Here we reveal a previously unrecognized spontaneous reaction between these additives and AlCl3 in the electrolyte, producing AlF3 on the cathode. This enables facilitated NaCl/Cl2 oxidation due to the strong Lewis acidity of AlF3, and suppresses the parasitic reactions. These findings not only correct the mechanism misunderstanding of fluorinated additives in rechargeable Na-Cl2 batteries but, in a broader context, open a new avenue for turning conventional anode protective additives into efficient cathode catalyst for high-rate and long-life energy storage solutions.

DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf333

Source: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaf333