近日，上海交通大学陈接胜团队研究了基于三维异质结构的稳定钠金属电池电子结构与界面场协同工程。相关论文于2025年8月11日发表在《美国化学会志》上。

电场和钠离子在金属钠阳极表面的不均匀分布是引发枝晶生长的关键因素，严重影响电池的能量密度和循环寿命。

研究组通过化学气相沉积和原位磷酸化相结合的方法，合成了Sn₄P₃纳米颗粒包裹在N/P共掺杂的类石墨烯纳米管（Sn_4P3/NPGTs）中的亲钠异质结构。N/P共掺杂构建的丰富活性位点有效地调节了局部电子结构，促进了Na⁺的均匀分布和吸附，同时降低了成核过电位。在非均质界面处形成的界面电场对Na⁺施加静电力，诱导离子整流、定向迁移和Na⁺在通道内的受限沉积。

此外，通过原位光学显微镜表征、COMSOL模拟、原位XRD分析和多尺度密度泛函理论计算，研究组深入揭示了改善Na⁺沉积行为的协同机制。不对称电池在3.0 mA cm^-2和1.0 mAh cm^-2下可保持1500次循环稳定，而相应对称电池的寿命超过2000小时。与低压（NaTi₂(PO₄)₃）或高压（Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃）阴极配对，完整电池具有出色的循环稳定性。

附：英文原文

Title: Synergistic Engineering of Electronic Structure and Interfacial Field via a 3D Heterostructure for Stable Sodium Metal Batteries

Author: Hui Zong, Shang-Qi Li, Xiaoyang Zheng, Xue-Yan Wu, SeSi Li, Qian-Qian Hao, Xing-He Zhao, Yao-Wen Zhang, Kai-Xue Wang, Xiaowei Song, Jie-Sheng Chen

Issue&Volume: August 11, 2025

Abstract: Uneven distribution of electric field and sodium ion on the sodium metal anode surface is identified as the key factor triggering dendrite growth, which severely compromises the energy density and cycle life of batteries. Herein, a sodiophilic heterostructure with Sn4P3 nanoparticles encapsulated in N/P codoped graphene-like nanotubes (Sn4P3/NPGTs) is synthesized through the integration of chemical vapor deposition and in situ phosphorization. Rich active sites constructed by N/P codoping modulate the local electronic structure effectively, facilitating uniform Na+ distribution and adsorption while reducing the nucleation overpotential. The interfacial electric field formed at the heterogeneous interface exerts electrostatic forces on Na+, inducing ionic rectification, directional migration, and confined deposition of Na+ within the channels. In addition, the synergistic mechanism for improved Na+ deposition behavior is unraveled in-depth through in situ optical microscopy characterization, COMSOL simulations, in situ XRD analysis, and density functional theory calculations at multiple scales. Asymmetric cells remain stable for 1500 cycles at 3.0 mA cm–2 and 1.0 mAh cm–2, and the corresponding symmetric cells display a lifespan exceeding 2000 h. Pairing with either low-voltage (NaTi2(PO4)3) or high-voltage (Na3V2(PO4)3) cathodes, the full cells exhibit excellent cycling stability.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c05156

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.5c05156