近日，中国科学院上海有机化学研究所朱正江团队报道了通过亚细胞光催化标记实现细胞器间脂质运输的定量分析。相关论文于2025年8月6日发表在《自然-化学》杂志上。

亚细胞脂质组成和转运实质上影响细胞和细胞器的生理和病理功能。然而，由于缺乏选择性标记细胞器中的脂质的方法，人们对细胞器之间的脂质运输和周转仍然知之甚少。

研究组开发了一种亚细胞光催化标记策略，可以通过质谱法进行细胞器选择性脂质分析和细胞器之间脂质转运的定量分析。他们将这种方法用于定量表征磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰丝氨酸脂质在内质网和线粒体、核核或溶酶体之间的脂肪酰基依赖性运输。进一步的实验揭示了各种生物合成途径对线粒体、核核和溶酶体中磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰丝氨酸脂质组成的相对贡献。

溶酶体特异性光催化标记揭示了mTOR激酶途径对溶酶体脂质代谢的影响。总之，这种亚细胞定位的脂质光催化标记定量地破译了亚细胞脂质组成和运输，增强了他们对生物体内脂质代谢的理解。

附：英文原文

Title: Quantitative profiling of lipid transport between organelles enabled by subcellular photocatalytic labelling

Author: Chen, Xi, He, Ru, Xiong, Haolin, Wang, Ruohong, Yin, Yandong, Chen, Yiyun, Zhu, Zheng-Jiang

Issue&Volume: 2025-08-06

Abstract: Subcellular lipid composition and transport substantially influence the physiological and pathological functions of both cells and organelles. However, lipid transport and turnover between organelles remain poorly understood due to a lack of methods for selectively labelling lipids in organelles. Here we develop a subcellular photocatalytic labelling strategy that enables organelle-selective lipid analysis by mass spectrometry and the quantitative profiling of lipid transport between organelles. We use this approach to quantitatively characterize fatty-acyl-dependent transport of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine lipids between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, the nucleus or lysosomes. Further experiments revealed the relative contributions of various biosynthesis pathways to the phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine lipid compositions in the mitochondria, nucleus and lysosomes. Lysosome-specific photocatalytic labelling revealed the impact of the mTOR kinase pathway on lysosomal lipid metabolism. Together, this subcellularly localized photocatalytic labelling of lipids quantitatively deciphers the subcellular lipid composition and transport, enhancing our understanding of lipid metabolism in living organisms.

DOI: 10.1038/s41557-025-01886-w

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-025-01886-w