近日，日本东京大学Takuzo Aida团队实现了电双层合成的一种海绵状、轻质网状膜。这一研究成果发表在2025年7月3日出版的《科学》杂志上。

电化学聚合物合成会在电极上形成致密的薄膜。

研究组报道了一种大面积超薄（~70纳米）聚合物膜的单步合成方法，该聚合物膜具有丝瓜状网状交联网络，密度低（0.5克/立方厘米）。这种特殊的膜在水中的双电层中形成，通过施加电压而不支持电解质，其中去质子化间苯二酚和醛以自终止机制进行三维反应，并在电压偏差消除时自发释放。

这种膜最初是刚性的，杨氏模量为8.9千兆帕斯卡，在湿润后可可逆地恢复弹性（0.5千兆帕斯卡），可以作为大面积的分离膜。它的形状持久性碳化实现了超薄（~22纳米）纳米孔碳膜的生产。

附：英文原文

Title: Electric double-layer synthesis of a spongelike, lightweight reticular membrane

Author: Yoshimitsu Itoh, Tengfei Fu, Pier-Luc Champagne, Yudai Yokoyama, Kunita Numabe, You-lee Hong, Yusuke Nishiyama, Hsiao-Fang Wang, Akemi Kumagai, Hiroshi Jinnai, Hirohmi Watanabe, Teiko Shibata-Seki, Asuteka Nagao, Tsutomu Suzuki, Yukie Saito, Keigo Wakabayashi, Takeharu Yoshii, Atsushi Izumi, Katsumi Hagita, Junichi Furukawa, Takuzo Aida

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-03

Abstract: Electrochemical polymer synthesis usually forms dense films bound to the electrode. We report a single-step synthesis of large-area, ultrathin (~70-nanometer) polymeric membranes with a luffa-like, reticular cross-linked network with low density (0.5 grams per cubic centimeter). This particular membrane forms within an electric double layer in water constructed by voltage application without supporting electrolytes—in which deprotonated resorcinol and an aldehyde react three-dimensionally with a self-termination mechanism—and is spontaneously released when the voltage bias is removed. Initially rigid with a Young’s modulus of 8.9 gigapascals, this membrane reversibly regains flexibility (0.5 gigapascals) upon wetting and can be used as a large-area membrane for separations. Its shape-persistent carbonization made it possible to yield ultrathin (~22-nanometer) nanoporous carbon membranes.

DOI: adq0782

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq0782