以色列布朗亚微米研究中心及凝聚态物理系Moty Heiblum团队研究了手性马赫-曾德尔干涉仪中的任意子编织。相关论文于2025年7月2日发表在《自然—物理学》杂志上。
分数量子统计是任意子的决定性特征。测量任意子交换产生的相位是具有挑战性的，因为标准的干涉测量装置（如法布里-珀罗干涉仪）会受到电荷效应的影响，从而掩盖干涉信号。研究组介绍了基于共传播界面模式的光学类马赫曾德干涉仪中任意离子干涉和交换相位的观测。通过避免反向散射和有害的电荷效应，这种设置能够实现原始而稳健的Aharonov-Bohm干涉，而不会出现任何相位滑移。
在各种分数填充因子下，观察到的通量周期性与对应于Jain态的基本分数带电激发一致，并且仅取决于体拓扑序。为了探索任意子统计，研究组在干涉仪体中使用了一个小的带电顶栅来诱导局域准粒子，而无需修改Aharonov-Bohm相位。添加的准粒子引入了周期性的相滑移。观测到的相位滑移的符号和幅度与填充1/3时的预期值一致，但它们的方向在填充2/5和3/7时显示出系统偏差。在这种设计中，对添加的单个准粒子的控制对于未来测量人们感兴趣的非阿贝尔统计数据至关重要。
附：英文原文
Title: Anyonic braiding in a chiral Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Author: Ghosh, Bikash, Labendik, Maria, Musina, Liliia, Umansky, Vladimir, Heiblum, Moty, Mross, David F.
Issue&Volume: 2025-07-02
Abstract: Fractional quantum statistics are the defining characteristic of anyons. Measuring the phase generated by an exchange of anyons is challenging, as standard interferometry set-ups—such as the Fabry–Pérot interferometer—suffer from charging effects that obscure the interference signal. Here we present the observation of anyonic interference and exchange phases in an optical-like Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on co-propagating interface modes. By avoiding backscattering and deleterious charging effects, this set-up enables pristine and robust Aharonov–Bohm interference without any phase slips. At various fractional filling factors, the observed flux periodicities agree with the fundamental fractionally charged excitations that correspond to Jain states and depend only on the bulk topological order. To probe the anyonic statistics, we used a small, charged top gate in the interferometer bulk to induce localized quasiparticles without modifying the Aharonov–Bohm phase. The added quasiparticles introduce periodic phase slips. The sign and magnitude of the observed phase slips align with the expected value at filling 1/3, but their direction shows systematic deviations at fillings 2/5 and 3/7. Control over added individual quasiparticles in this design is essential for measuring the coveted non-abelian statistics in the future.
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-02960-3
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-02960-3