南京农业大学杨海水团队近日发现可持续地下土壤管理促进土壤碳积累和作物生产。相关论文于2025年7月1日发表在《自然—地球科学》杂志上。

免耕和秸秆覆盖等土壤保持措施已在世界范围内实施，但它们在增加有机碳和作物粮食产量方面的潜力往往较低，特别是在稻田系统中。

研究组提出一种沟埋秸秆还田技术，通过向底土注入秸秆，共同提高水稻系统土壤碳和作物产量。该技术通过深耕可以保护大部分表层土壤，只干扰10%的全田。稻麦15年沟埋秸秆还田试验表明，在不增加施肥投入的情况下，沟埋秸秆还田比优势轮作秸秆还田管理增产15%。沟埋秸秆还田也使0 ~ 40 cm土壤有机碳储量增加了46% (17.2 Mg ha^-1)，主要是通过促进秸秆碳向矿物相关真菌坏死块的转化。

总体而言，沟埋秸秆还田减少了34%的二氧化碳当量净排放量，增加了18%的净经济效益。通过meta分析进一步验证了沟埋秸秆还田对土壤有机碳和作物产量的联合促进作用。因此，秸秆沟埋还田是一种有效的地下土壤管理方法。

附：英文原文

Title: Soil carbon accrual and crop production enhanced by sustainable subsoil management

Author: Kan, Zheng-Rong, Li, Zhenzhen, Amelung, Wulf, Zhang, Hai-Lin, Lal, Rattan, Bol, Roland, Bian, Xinmin, Liu, Jian, Xue, Yaguang, Li, Feng-Min, Yang, Haishui

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-01

Abstract: Soil conservation practices such as no-till and straw mulching have been practised worldwide, but they frequently show low potential to increase organic carbon and crop grain production, especially in rice paddy systems. Here a ditch-buried straw return technique is proposed to co-enhance soil carbon and crop yield in paddy systems through injection of straw into the subsoil. This technique can protect most of the surface soil and disturb only 10% of the whole field through deep tillage. A 15-year ditch-buried straw return experiment in rice–wheat cropping has shown that compared to the dominant rotary-tillage straw return management, grain yield was increased under ditch-buried straw return by 15% without any additional fertilization inputs. Ditch-buried straw return also increased soil organic carbon stocks at 0–40 cm depth by 46% (17.2Mgha1) mainly through the enhanced conversion of straw-derived carbon into mineral-associated fungal necromass. Overall, ditch-buried straw return decreased net CO2 equivalent emissions by 34% and increased net economic benefits by 18%. Joint enhancements of soil organic carbon and crop yield under ditch-buried straw return were further validated using meta-analysis around China. We conclude that ditch-buried straw return may work as an effective approach for subsoil management.

DOI: 10.1038/s41561-025-01720-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-025-01720-5