近日，德国卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院Kirill Melnikov团队研究了中微子振荡和散射理论。该项研究成果发表在2025年7月2日出版的《高能物理杂志》上。

研究组使用早期在对撞机物理学背景下开发的散射理论方法推导了真空中的中微子振荡概率。它是根据费曼图计算的，费曼图将中微子产生和探测过程结合成一个量子振幅。中微子源和探测器中的初始状态粒子被视为波包。与许多其他方法不同，研究组使用跃迁概率，而不是振幅本身，并且不指定波包的形式来得出中微子振荡公式。 

该方法提供了一个简单透明的框架来讨论中微子振荡中的退相干效应，以及中微子源有限寿命的影响。后者特别适用于使用飞行中π介子衰变产生的中微子进行振荡实验。

附：英文原文

Title: Neutrino oscillations and scattering theory

Author: Dobrev, Ilian, Melnikov, Kirill, Schwetz, Thomas

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-02

Abstract: We derive the neutrino oscillation probability in vacuum using scattering theory methods developed earlier in the context of collider physics [1–3]. It is computed from Feynman diagrams that combine neutrino production and detection processes into a single quantum amplitude. Initial-state particles in the neutrino source and the detector are treated as wave packets. In contrast to many other approaches, we work with transition probabilities, rather than the amplitude itself, and do not specify the form of the wave packets to arrive at the neutrino oscillation formula. Our approach offers a simple and transparent framework to discuss decoherence effects in neutrino oscillations, as well as the effects of the finite lifetime of the neutrino source. The latter are particularly relevant for oscillation experiments using neutrinos from pion decays in flight.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP07(2025)035

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)035