俄罗斯科学院Andrey V. Adrianov小组的最新研究提出了在深渊海沟的最深处，繁盛的化学合成生命。该项研究成果发表在2025年7月30日出版的《自然》上。

在这里，课题组人员报告通过“奋斗者”号载人深潜器探索千岛-堪察加海沟和西阿留申海沟期间，发现了已知存在于地球上最深和最广泛的基于化学合成的群落。以管栖多毛类（siboglinid Polychaeta）和双壳类（Bivalvia）为主导的群落沿2500公里海沟带分布，栖息深度从5800米延伸至9533米。同位素分析表明，这些群落是由富含硫化氢和甲烷的流体维持的，这些流体沿着断层穿过海沟深处的沉积层输送，在那里，沉积的有机物由微生物产生甲烷。考虑到与其他深渊海沟的地质相似性，这种基于化学合成的群落可能比以前预期的更广泛。这些发现挑战了目前关于极端极限下生命和深海碳循环的模型。

据悉，深渊海沟是地球上探索和了解最少的环境之一，长期以来一直被认为蕴藏着以化学合成为基础的群落。尽管受到越来越多的关注，但对这些社区的实际记录却异常罕见。

附：英文原文

Title: Flourishing chemosynthetic life at the greatest depths of hadal trenches

Author: Peng, Xiaotong, Du, Mengran, Gebruk, Andrey, Liu, Shuangquan, Gao, Zhaoming, Glud, Ronnie N., Zhou, Peng, Wang, Ruoheng, Rowden, Ashley A., Kamenev, Gennady M., Maiorova, Anastassya S., Papineau, Dominic, Chen, Shun, Gao, Jinwei, Liu, Helu, He, Yuan, Alalykina, Inna L., Dolmatov, Igor Yu., Zhang, Hanyu, Li, Xuegong, Malyutina, Marina V., Dasgupta, Shamik, Saulenko, Anastasiia A., Shilov, Vladimir A., Liu, Shuting, Xie, Tongtong, Qu, Yuangao, Song, Xikun, Zhang, Haibin, Liu, Hao, Zhang, Weijia, Huang, Xiaoxia, Xu, Hongzhou, Xu, Wenjing, Mordukhovich, Vladimir V., Adrianov, Andrey V.

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-30

Abstract: Hadal trenches, some of the Earth’s least explored and understood environments, have long been proposed to harbour chemosynthesis-based communities1,2. Despite increasing attention, actual documentation of such communities has been exceptionally rare3,4. Here we report the discovery of the deepest and the most extensive chemosynthesis-based communities known to exist on Earth during an expedition to the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench and the western Aleutian Trench using the manned submersible Fendouzhe. The communities dominated by siboglinid Polychaeta and Bivalvia span a distance of 2,500km at depths from 5,800m to 9,533m. These communities are sustained by hydrogen sulfide-rich and methane-rich fluids that are transported along faults traversing deep sediment layers in trenches, where methane is produced microbially from deposited organic matter, as indicated by isotopic analysis. Given geological similarities with other hadal trenches, such chemosynthesis-based communities might be more widespread than previously anticipated. These findings challenge current models of life at extreme limits and carbon cycling in the deep ocean.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09317-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09317-z