在小肠中，气泌素-D介导的上皮免疫回路同步营养吸收和宿主防御，这一成果由浙江大学医学院王迪课题组经过不懈努力而取得。相关论文于2025年7月24日发表在《免疫学》杂志上。

课题组研究人员证明了SI中的上皮性气皮蛋白D （GSDMD）促进了肠细胞的吸收功能，随后增强了上皮-免疫合作来调节宿主防御。与热噬功能不同的是，GSDMD决定了肠细胞的吸收与防御分带，并促进了肠细胞的边界组装。这种饮食诱导的、GSDMD介导的适应促进了脂质吸收，随后重新连接肠细胞代谢，以支持上皮内γδ T淋巴细胞（γδ T-IELs），从而增强屏障功能。这种GSDMD介导的电路的损伤加重了屏障功能障碍相关的肠炎。他们的研究结果揭示了上皮细胞和淋巴细胞如何共同适应SI中的营养信号，从而调节营养摄取和宿主防御之间的平衡，以应对环境变化。

据悉，小肠（SI）吸收营养物质并作为抵抗病原体的屏障。饮食在维持免疫稳态的同时，使SI具有吸收功能。但SI如何将营养信号传递给免疫反应并适应饮食摄入仍不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Gasdermin-D-mediated epithelial-immune circuit synchronizes nutrient absorption and host defense in the small intestine

Author: Qianzhou Yu, Danlu Jiang, Tianming Zhao, Yuelin Guan, Jian Zhang, Dehang Yang, Ruya Sun, Weiwei Yu, Zhen Wang, Sheng Chen, Mobai Li, Tianyi Hu, Qiqi Deng, Xiaoyang Lu, Yidong Yang, Mengfei Chang, Liheng Du, Xue Zhang, Zhexu Chi, Di Wang

Issue&Volume: 2025-07-24

Abstract: The small intestine (SI) absorbs nutrients and acts as a barrier against pathogens. Diet enables the absorptive function of the SI while maintaining immune homeostasis. But how the SI transmits nutritional signals to the immune response and adapts to dietary intake remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that epithelial gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the SI facilitated the absorptive function of enterocytes, subsequently empowering an epithelial-immune cooperation to modulate host defense. Unlike its pyroptotic function, GSDMD determines the absorptive versus the defensive zonation of enterocytes and promotes brush border assembly. This diet-induced, GSDMD-mediated adaptation promoted lipid absorption and subsequently rewired enterocyte metabolism to support intraepithelial γδ T lymphocytes (γδ T-IELs), thereby enhancing barrier function. Impairment of this GSDMD-mediated circuit exacerbated barrier-dysfunction-associated enteritis. Our results reveal how epithelial cells and lymphocytes co-adapt to nutrient signals in the SI, thereby adjusting the equilibrium between nutrient uptake and host defense in response to environmental change.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2025.06.019

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613(25)00309-7